FIG. 5.
Expression of inflammatory markers in microglia isolated from LPS-treated control or GScKO mice. qRT-PCR quantification of the inflammatory markers, CCR7, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-1β, iNOS, and TNF-α, in microglia isolated from LPS-injected control and GScKO mice, in which microglial reduction of GS levels is clearly evident compared with controls (blot upper right). Relative mRNA levels in GScKO and control microglia were normalized to the geometric mean of the reference genes, β-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD). Data are reported as mean ± S.D. of four independent experiments. Values significantly different between differently treated sample groups are denoted as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001 and ***p < 0.0001. GScKO, GS conditional knockout; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.