Table 1. Demographic-clinical characteristics of study groups.
| HC (n = 69) | SMD (n = 86) | MCI (n = 45) | AD (n = 38) | Uncorrected p-value | BH corrected p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 72.7 (7.2) | 72.8 (7.1) | 76.4 (7.3) | 72.6 (8.8) | 0.057 | 0.150 |
| Gender, % female | 51 | 52 | 51 | 58 | 0.906 | 0.906 |
| Education level | 3 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (0–4) | 2 (1–4)a | 0.014 | 0.056 |
| MMSE | 29.0 (1.1) | 28.6 (1.3) | 27.2 (2.2)a,b | 20.4 (5.5)a,b.c | 0.001 | <0.001 |
| CDR-SOB | 0.01 (0.06) | 0.05 (0.15) | 1.05 (0.78)a,b | 4.95 (2.95)a,b,c | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HADS-D | 2.1 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.2) | 3.4 (2.1)a | 4.8 (4.7)a | 0.003 | 0.015 |
| HADS-A | 3.7 (2.8) | 4.8 (3.0) | 4.6 (2.4) | 5.8 (4.4) | 0.075 | 0.150 |
| APOE, % ε4 carriers | 46 | 38 | 58 | 75a,b | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| 0 ε4 alleles, n | 37 | 53 | 19 | 9 | — | — |
| 1 ε4 allele, n | 30 | 31 | 21 | 19 | — | — |
| 2 ε4 alleles, n | 2 | 2 | 5 | 8 | — | — |
Values in the table represent the mean and standard deviation except for gender and APOE, where the percentage is shown; for education level, where median and minimum–maximum is shown (Education level: 0 = 0–6 years, 1 = 7–8 years, 2 = 9–12 years, 3 = 13–15 years, 4 = 15+); and for the number of APOE ε4 alleles, where count is shown. The same results were obtained for MMSE and CDR-SOB when controlling for age, gender, education level and HADS-D. aSignificantly different from HC; bsignificantly different from SMD; csignificantly different from MCI. HC = healthy controls; SMD = subjective memory decline; MCI = Mild Cognitive Impairment; AD = Alzheimer’s disease; BH = Benjamini-Hochberg; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; CDR-SOB = Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (D = depression subscale score; A = anxiety subscale score); APOE = apolipoprotein E e4 allele.