Table 5. Diagnosis at follow-up and longitudinal changes in MMSE and CDR-SOB.
| HC | HC-like SMD | AD-like SMD | MCI | AD | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis at follow-up | HC | 35 (52%) | 11 (15%) | 0 | 1 (2%) | 0 | 0.175 |
| SMD | 25 (37%) | 50 (68%) | 3 (27%) | 2 (5%) | 0 | — | |
| MCI | 7 (10%) | 9 (12%) | 0 | 14 (33%) | 0 | 0.474 | |
| AD | 0 | 1 (1%) | 6 (55%)a,b | 17 (40%)a,b | 19 (68%) | <0.001 | |
| PD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1%) | 0 | — | |
| Died | 1 (1%) | 3 (4%) | 2 (18%) | 8 (19%) | 9 (32%)a,b | <0.001 | |
| MMSE | — | 0.08 | −0.65 | −1.28 | −8.16 | <0.001 | |
| CDR SOB | — | −0.14 | −0.04 | 0.84 | 4.53 | <0.001 |
ANCOVA was performed for some contrasts of interest defined a-priori (indicated in bold), and corresponding p-values are reported in the table. Age, gender, education level and HADS-D were in included as covariates. Values in the table represent count (and percentage) for diagnosis at follow-up, and estimated change over time (HC as reference) in MMSE and CDR-SOB from the mixed effects models. MMSE and CDR-SOB include follow-up up to 54 months due to numerous missing data for these variables at 72 and 90 months. aSignificantly different from HC; bsignificantly different from HC-like SMD. HC = healthy controls; SMD = subjective memory decline; HC-like SMD = SMD individuals evidencing a healthy-like pattern of brain atrophy; AD-like SMD = SMD individuals evidencing an Alzheimer’s disease-like pattern of brain atrophy; MCI = Mild Cognitive Impairment; AD = Alzheimer’s disease; PD = Parkinson’s disease with dementia; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; CDR-SOB = Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes.