TABLE 2.

Baseline study characteristics of multiple-micronutrient, protein, and food-based interventions in children ≥2 y of age¹

Study	Year	Country	Subjects, n	Mean initial age, mo	Form	Duration, mo	Mean initial HAZ	Quality
Multiple micronutrient
Ash et al. (57)	2003	Tanzania	750	120	5.4 mg Fe, 1750 IU vitamin A, 45 μg I, 5.25 mg Zn, 72 mg vitamin C, 0.6 mg riboflavin, 0.15 mg folic acid, 3 μg vitamin B-12, 0.7 mg pyridoxal, 10.5 mg vitamin E	6	−2.1	Medium
Hall et al. (58)	2007	Vietnam	1080	83	Biscuits fortified with 18 vitamins and minerals; supplemented food provided 1400 IU retinol, 60 μg I, 5 mg Fe, 6 mg Zn	17	−1.47	Low
Hettiarachchi et al. (16)	2008	Sri Lanka	380	159	50 mg Fe, 14 mg Zn	6	−1.08	Medium
Hyder et al. (59)	2007	Bangladesh	837	144	7 mg Fe, 1296 IU vitamin A, 75 μg I, 7.5 mg Zn, 120 mg vitamin C, 0.91 mg riboflavin, 120 μg folic acid, 1 μg vitamin B-12, 1 mg vitamin B-6, 10 mg vitamin E, 5 mg niacin	12	−1.97	High
Vinod Kumar and Rajagopalan (60)	2006	India	159	90	3,000 IU vitamin A, 1 mg vitamin B-12, 1 mg Ca, 15 mg niacin, 1 mg pyridoxal, 100 μg folic acid, 1 μg vitamin B-12, 30 IU vitamin E, 30 mg vitamin C, 10 mg Fe, 250 mg lysine	9	−1.23	Low
Lopriore et al. (61)	2004	Algeria	209	50	1000 mg Ca, 1134 mg K, 635 mg P, 156 mg Mg, 42 mg Fe, 41 mg Zn, 2 mg Cu, 2000 μg vitamin A, 50 μg vitamin D, 20 mg vitamin E, 125 mg vitamin C, 4 mg thiamin, 4 mg riboflavin, 4 mg pyridoxal, 4 μg vitamin B-12, 500 μg folate, 25 mg pantothenic acid, 60 mg niacin	6	−2.85	Medium
Manger et al. (62)	2008	Thailand	563	111	5 mg Fe, 5 mg Zn, 50 μg I, 270 μg vitamin A	7	−1	High
Muthayya et al. (63)	2009	India	277	104	500 μg vitamin A, 0.9 mg riboflavin, 1 mg pyridoxal, 1.8 μg vitamin B-12, 300 μg folate, 227.1 mg vitamin C, 231 mg Ca, 100 μg I, 18 mg Fe, 10.5 mg Zn, 0.93 g α-linolenic acid, 0.10 g docosahexaenoic acid	12	−1.32	High
Mwanri et al. (19)	2000	Tanzania	68	143	5,000 IU vitamin A, 200 mg Fe	3	−1.9	High
Ronaghy et al. (32)	1969	Iran	30	156	10 g dried egg white, 6,000 IU vitamin A, 500 IU vitamin D, 50 IU α-tocopherol, 2 mg thiamin, 2.5 mg riboflavin, 25 mg niacin, 20 mg panthothenic acid, 0.3 mg biotin, 4 mg pyridoxal, 10 μg vitamin B-12, 90 mg vitamin C, 0.1 mg folic acid, 100 mg Ca, 100 mg Fe, 5 mg Mn, 0.1 mg Co, 1.1 mg Cu, 0.15 Cr, 2 mg Mb, 0.5 mg Ni, 0.1 mg Se, 0.15 mg I, 1 mg F	20	−2.96	Low
Ronaghy et al. (33)	1974	Iran	25	156	6,000 IU vitamin A, 500 IU vitamin D, 50 IU vitamin E, 2 mg thiamin, 2.5 mg riboflavin, 25 mg niacin, 20 mg panthothenic acid, 0.1 mg folic acid, 0.3 mg biotin, 4 mg pyridoxal, 10 μg vitamin B-12, 90 mg vitamin C, 100 mg Ca, 120 mg Mg, 100 mg Fe, 5 mg Mn, 0.1 mg Co, 40 mg Zn, 1.1 mg Cu, 0.15 mg Cr, 2 mg Mb, 0.5 mg Ni, 0.1 mg Se, 0.15 mg I, 1 mg F	5	−2.74	Low
Rosado et al. (34)	1997	Mexico	96	29	20 mg Fe, 20 mg Zn	12	−1.65	High
Sarma et al. (64)	2006	India	695	122	7.3 g protein, 2 g fat, 576 mg Ca, 14 mg Fe, 1.6 mg riboflavin, 2 mg pyridoxal, 1 μg vitamin B-12, 200 μg folic acid, 80 mg vitamin C, 400 μg vitamin A, 2.5 μg vitamin D, 0.7 mg thiamin, 0.9 mg niacin, 75 μg I, 2.3 mg Zn	14	−0.62	High
Shatrugna et al. (65)	2006	India	184	138	14 mg Fe, 1.6 mg riboflavin, 2 mg pyridoxal, 1 μg vitamin B-12, 200 μg folic acid, 80 mg vitamin C, 400 μg vitamin A, 2.5 μg vitamin D, 0.7 mg thiamin, 0.9 mg niacin, 400 mg Ca, 75 μg I, 2.3 mg Zn	14	−0.86	High
Solon et al. (66)	2003	Philippines	831	119	4.8 mg Fe, 700 IU vitamin A, 48 μg I, 3.75 mg Zn, 75 mg vitamin C, 0.46 mg riboflavin, 0.06 mg folic acid, 0.5 μg vitamin B-12, 0.5 mg pyridoxal, 2.5 mg vitamin E, 2.5 mg niacin	4	−1.81	Medium
Zadik et al. (67)	2004	Israel	37	173	10 mg Fe, 11 mg Zn, 10,000 IU vitamin A	6	−2.65	Medium
Zadik et al. (68)	2010	Israel	37	77	12 mg Fe, 6,000 IU vitamin A	6	−2.75	Medium
Protein
Grillenberger et al. 1 (69)	2003	Kenya	178	91	Ground beef added to githeri	24	−1.4	Medium
Grillenberger et al. 2 (69)	2003	Kenya	190	88	Cow milk	24	−1.3	Medium
Kabir et al. (70)	1998	Bangladesh	69	33	Protein-supplemented diet	1	−1.87	Low
Lampl et al. 1 (71)	1978	New Guinea	45	124	Skim milk powder added to diet	8	−3.85	Low
Lampl et al. 2 (71)	1978	New Guinea	41	124	Skim milk powder added to diet	8	−3.95	Low
Larnkjær et al. 1 (72)	2014	Denmark	61	161	Skim milk	3	0.84	High
Larnkjær et al. 2 (72)	2014	Denmark	53	161	Casein protein	3	0.78	High
Larnkjær et al. 3 (72)	2014	Denmark	59	160	Whey protein	3	0.89	High
Malcolm 1 (73)	1970	New Guinea	43	94	Skim milk powder	2	−3.75	Low
Malcolm 2 (73)	1970	New Guinea	66	97	Skim milk powder	3	−3.64	Low
Pereira et al. (74)	1969	India	35	42	Rice supplemented with lysine and threonine	6	−2.07	Medium
Pereira et al. 1 (75)	1973	India	63	42	Rice supplemented with lysine and threonine	6	−2.22	Low
Pereira et al. 2 (75)	1973	India	46	42	Wheat supplemented with lysine	6	−1.88	Low
Food
Alarcon et al. (76)	2003	Philippines and Taiwan	91	49	Pediasure (Abbott Laboratories)	3	−1.38	Low
Grillenberger et al. (69)	2003	Kenya	246	87	Fat added to githeri	24	−1.35	Medium
Malcolm (73)	1970	New Guinea	57	126	5 meals of taro and sweet potato instead of 3	3	−3.6	Low
Maleta et al. (77)	2004	Malawi	61	51	RTUF (high in micronutrient) or maize or soy flour	23	−3.1	Low
Prasad Mp et al. 1 (78)	2016	India	137	134	Sorghum supplementation	8	−1.64	Low
Prasad Mp et al. 2 (78)	2016	India	125	119	Sorghum supplementation	8	−1.2	Low

¹HAZ, height-for-age z score; RTUF, ready to use food; IU, international unit.