TABLE 5.
Distinct FFQs used in studies assessing dietary intake in nonclinical, non-Aboriginal adult populations1
| Tool (or study/first author name affiliated with tool) | Study or reference numbers for research making use of the tool | Canada | United States | Not stated |
| AHS (AHS-2) FFQ | AHS | x | x | |
| Atlantic PATH | Atlantic PATH | x | ||
| Block FFQ | 41,* 146, NECSS,*† OWDHS,* ALPHA Trial, Study of Lifetime Total Physical Activity and Endometrial Cancer Risk, CaMOS | x | ||
| Block FFQ (French-Canadian version) | NuAge | x | ||
| CHMS | 76, 77, 79, 109, 131, 182, 183 | x | ||
| Diet History Questionnaire | 156 | x | ||
| Diet History Questionnaire (Canadian version) | 127, 193,* Tomorrow Project* | x | ||
| Goulet et al. | 50, 57–59, 166 | x | ||
| Hawaii Multi-Ethnic Questionnaire | 105, NOCS*† | x | ||
| Hawaii Multi-Ethnic Questionnaire (Newfoundland version) | 213, NOCS*† | x | ||
| Jain et al. | 55, 102, 176, 205 | x | ||
| Willett FFQ | 169, Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study,* NECSS,*† CODING, CaMOS | x |
Citations and studies marked by an asterisk (*) indicate that the tool was modified for use in the study. Citations and studies marked by an asterisk (*) and by a superscript dagger (†) indicate that the tool was created by using items from multiple existing measures. Six studies used an unidentified FFQ (39, 66, 75, 128, 152, 163). One of the tools was of Canadian origin (128), and the origins of the remaining tools were not stated. AHS, Adventist Health Study; ALPHA, Alberta Physical Activity and Breast Cancer Prevention; CaMOS, Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study; CHMS, Canadian Health Measures Survey; CODING, Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics Study; NECSS, National Enhance Cancer Surveillance System; NOCS, Newfoundland and Ontario Colorectal Cancer Study; NuAGE, Quebec Longitudinal Study of Nutrition as a Determinant of Successful Aging; OWDHS, Ontario Women‘s Diet and Health Study; PATH, Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health.