The five kinds of behaviors of APED systems. (A–E) Spontaneous evolution of the enantiomeric excess of several simplified APED systems, calculated for b = 0 s–1, a = h = e = 1 s–1, p = 1 s–1·M–1, β = γ = 0 and α =0.1, c = 1M(A); α = 0.1, c = 3M(B); α = 1.1, c = 3.2M(C); α = 50, c = 2M(D); and α = 100, c = 2M(E). (F) Behavior categories of the simplified APED systems. Crosses indicate the position of the A–E system. Solid lines indicate the separations between dead (d), symmetric (s), asymmetric (a), and unstable (u) systems. The dotted line represents the separation between monotone and oscillating symmetric systems.