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. 2017 Mar 13;8:272. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00272

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Copyright © 2017 Chen, Su, Zhang, Zhu, Xia, Fu, Zhao, Xia, Dai, Sun, Liu and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Correlations between monocyte subsets and the frequencies of IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, and TNF-α producing CD4+ T cells in HIV-1-infected individuals intracellular IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17, and TNF-α staining was performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after stimulation with PMA, ionomycin, and brefeldin A for 5 h. The frequency of the CD14+CD16++ monocytes is positively associated with the percentage of IFN-γ (A) and TNF-α (B) producing CD4+ T cells, the frequency of CD14++CD16+ monocyte subsets is positively associated with the frequency of IFN-γ (C) and IL-4 (D) producing CD4+ T cells in HIV-1-infected patients. The frequency of CD14++CD16− monocytes is negatively associated with the percentage of IFN-γ (E) and TNF-α (F) producing CD4+ T cells. The association is calculated by the Spearman correlation test (AHI, CHI&ART−, and CHI&ART+ groups).