Table S1.
Bacterial strains
| Strain | Description | Source |
| XL-1 | F´::Tn10 proA+B+ lacIq ∆(lacZ)M15/recA1 endA1 gyrA96 thi hsdR17 (rk– rk+) glnV44 relA1 lac. TetR NalR | Stratagene |
| EPI100 | F– mcrA ∆(mrr-hsdRMS-mcrBC) φ80dlacZ∆M15 ∆lacXcZ∆M15 ∆lacX recA1 endA1 araD139 ∆(ara, leu)7697 galU galK λ– rpsL nupG, StrR | Epicentre |
| DY378 | W3110 λcI857 ∆(cro-bioA) | (44) |
| DA5438 | MG1655 (F− λ− ilvG− rbf-50 rph-1) | Dan Andersson |
| DL5562 | JCM158 ∆wzb::kan, KanR | (45) |
| DL5850 | MG1655 ∆araBAD::spec, SpcR | (1) |
| CH2016 | X90 (DE3) ∆rna ∆slyD::kan, RifR, KanR | (40) |
| DL8818 | MG1655 F´::Tn10 ∆wzb ara::spec, TetR SpcR | This study |
| DL8819 | MG1655 F´::Tn10 ∆wzb ara::spec tsf(A202E), TetR SpcR | This study |
| DL8820 | MG1655 F´::Tn10 ∆wzb ara::spec tsf(R219P), TetR SpcR | This study |
| DL8821 | MG1655 F´::Tn10 ∆wzb ara::spec tsf(∆coil), TetR SpcR | This study |
| DL8530 | CH2016 tsf(∆coil), RifR, KanR | This study |
| DL8546 | CH2016 tsf(A202E), RifR, KanR | This study |
| DL8698 | MG1655 ∆wzb | This study |
| DL8705 | MG1655 ∆wzb ara::spec, SpcR | This study |
| DL8730 | MG1655 ∆wzb ara::spec tsf(A202E), SpcR | This study |
| DL8731 | MG1655 ∆wzb ara::spec tsf(∆coil), SpcR | This study |
| DL8783 | MG1655 ∆wzb ara::spec tsf(R219P), SpcR | This study |
KanR, kanamycin resistant; NalR, nalidixic acid resistant; RifR, rifampicin resistant; SpcR, spectinomycin resistant; StrR, streptomycin resistant; TetR, tetracycline resistant.