Fig. 4.

(A) Correlations of mean MAM tropical Atlantic SSTs, averaged over the ocean grid boxes in the blue rectangle in A, with SSTs in summer for 1948–2013. B is the same as A but uses mean MAM northeast Pacific SSTs, averaged over the ocean grid boxes in the blue rectangle in B. C and D are correlations with surface air temperatures, E and F with SLP, and G and H with 300-hPa geopotential heights (gph). The dashed contour lines enclose regions in which the correlations are statistically significant (P < 0.05). To easily compare with Fig. 1 and with A, C, E, and G, we have reversed the sign of correlations in B, D, F, and G. All data are detrended by subtacting the 7-y MAs.