Table 2. Serum proteins differentially expressed in late/nulliparous women compared to early parous women that are involved in cytoskeletal remodeling, cell stress, and immune responses.
| Cytoskeletal Remodeling | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protein Name | Swiss Prot ID | Function | Fold Change LP vs EP | Fold Change NP vs EP |
| Caveolin-1 (Phospho-Tyr14) | Q03135 | Cell migration, scaffolding protein in caveolae. Phosphorylated in focal adhesions. |
2.24 | 2.25 |
| LIMK1 (Ab-508) | P53667 | Actin cytoskeleton stabilization, cell motility, cell cycle progression, differentiation. Activated by ROCK1, PAK1 and PAK4. |
3.51 | 2.28 |
| Paxillin (Ab-118) | P49023 | Cytoskeletal remodeling, cell spreading/motility, docking protein for signal transduction. Direct interactions with PAK3 and indirect interactions with all other PAK family members. |
2.55 | 1.86 |
| CaMK1-a (Ab-177) | Q14012 | Calcium triggered signaling. Regulates transcription factor activity, cell cycle, hormone production, cell differentiation, actin filament organization. |
−1.52 | −1.72 |
| ETK (Phospho-Tyr40) | P51813 | Signal transduction, actin reorganization, cell migration, cell proliferation and survival, cell adhesion, apoptosis | −1.56 | −1.41 |
| FAK (Phospho-Tyr576) | Q05397 | Cytoskeletal remodeling, cell adhesion, chemotaxis, ECM signal transduction, cell cycle, development. Phosphorylated upon activation. Tyrosine 576 is phosphorylated by Src. Critical role in Src-induced EMT. |
−1.57 | −1.42 |
| PAK1/2/3 (Ab-141) | Q13153/Q13177/O75914 | Signal transduction, actin reorganization, cell adhesion/migration, apoptosis, immune responses. PAK1/2 are necessary for efficient AKT translocation to cell membrane and AKT activation. PAK1/4 phosphorylate LIMK1 on threonine. |
−1.48 | −1.71 |
| PAK3 (Phospho-Ser154) | O75914 | Signal transduction, cell morphology, cell migration. | −1.44 | −1.86 |
| PKD1/PKCmu (Ab-910) | P98161 | Serine/threonine kinase that enhances cell adhesion in various cell-types. Prevents epithelial to mesenchymal transition in mammary epithelial cells. |
−2.71 | −3.70 |
| PYK2 (Ab-881) | Q14289 | ECM signal transduction, chemotaxis. Controls disassembly of VE-cadherin cell-cell junctions. |
−1.51 | −1.85 |
| TIE2 (Phospho-Tyr1108) | Q02763 | Angiogenesis, cell survival, proliferation, migration, adhesion, and cell spreading. Cell surface receptor for angiopoietins. Ligand binding induces tyrosine 1108 phosphorylation which is important for DOK2 interactions and coupling of downstream signal transduction. |
−1.61 | −1.49 |
| VAV1 (Ab-160) | P15498 | Signal transduction, actin remodeling, immunity. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family GTPases. |
−1.71 | −1.63 |
| Cell Stress | ||||
| Tyrosine Hydroxylase (Phospho-Ser40) | P07101 | Catecholamine biosynthesis, stress responses. Phosphorylation at this site results in the most potent induction of TH activity. |
2.84 | 2.68 |
| 14-3-3 zeta/beta (Ab-184/186) | P63104/P31946 | Cell cycle control, apoptosis, cellular signaling, stress responses, inflammation. Adapter protein that modulates protein function/stability/location. |
−1.76 | −1.57 |
| MKK7/MAP2K7 (Phospho-Thr275) | O14733 | Signal transduction, inflammation, apoptosis, stress responses. Activates JNK signaling. |
−1.63 | −1.46 |
| MAP3K7/TAK1 (Ab-439) | O43318 | Signal transduction, transcription regulation, apoptosis, stress responses. Important in response to TGF beta and BMP signaling. |
−1.48 | −1.53 |
| Immune Responses | ||||
| PKC theta (Ab-676) | Q04759 | Signal transduction, immune responses, cell cycle. T-cell activation and survival. NFkB and AP-1 activation. |
2.41 | 2.17 |
| CD3Z (Phospho-Tyr142) | P20963 | Immunity (TCR signaling), antigen recognition. Tyrosine phosphorylation occurs after T cell receptor triggering. |
−1.60 | −1.51 |
| MEF2C (Phospho-Ser396) | Q06413 | Immune responses, apoptosis, development. Transcription factor/activator. Phosphorylation at serine 396 inhibits transcriptional activity. |
−1.63 | −1.38 |
| MAP3K8/COT (Ab-400) | P41279 | Signal transduction, immune responses (TCR signaling), transformation. Proto-oncogene that activates MAPK, JNK, and NFkB signaling. |
−1.46 | −1.52 |
| Opioid Receptor (Ab-375) | P35372 | Respiration, cardiovascular functions, feeding, learning and memory, hormone secretion and immune functions. | −3.19 | −1.62 |
| STAT5B (Phospho-Ser731) | P51692 | TCR signaling, T cell responses, cytokine signaling, growth hormone signaling. Serine phosphorylation occurs in lymphocytes in response to IL-2 stimulation. |
−1.97 | −1.31 |
EP, early parous. LP, late parous. NP, nulliparous.