Table 4. Analysis of risk factors for post-transplant malignancy.
| Without malignancy after transplantation (N = 2503) | With malignancy after transplantation (N = 284) | Hazard Ratio | (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N or Mean | % or SD | N or Mean | % or SD | |||||
| Age† | 45.90 | ±18.10 | 50.29 | ±13.36 | 1.03 | (1.02,1.03) | <.0001 | |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | 1742 | 69.60 | 219 | 77.11 | 1.51 | (1.15,2.00) | 0.0033 | |
| Female | 761 | 30.40 | 65 | 22.89 | - | - | - | |
| Socioeconomic deprivation | ||||||||
| 1(most deprived) | 886 | 35.40 | 87 | 30.63 | 0.70 | (0.35,1.40) | 0.3113 | |
| 2 (0-2.5k) | 965 | 38.55 | 108 | 38.03 | 0.90 | (0.45,1.79) | 0.7628 | |
| 3 (2.5k-5k) | 481 | 19.22 | 64 | 22.54 | 1.07 | (0.53,2.18) | 0.8447 | |
| 4 (5k-7.5k) | 105 | 4.19 | 16 | 5.63 | 1.14 | (0.50,2.59) | 0.7608 | |
| 5 (>7.5k) | 66 | 2.64 | 9 | 3.17 | - | - | - | |
| Pre-operative cancer | 1159 | 46.30 | 211 | 74.30 | 3.82 | (2.94,4.96) | <.0001 | |
| Liver cirrhosis | 2105 | 84.10 | 253 | 89.08 | 1.46 | (1.01,2.13) | 0.0468 | |
| Ascites | 1196 | 47.78 | 134 | 47.18 | 0.85 | (0.67,1.07) | 0.1684 | |
| Chronic hepatitis | 2342 | 93.57 | 274 | 96.48 | 2.00 | (1.06,3.77) | 0.0329 | |
| Hepatitis B | 1196 | 47.78 | 156 | 54.93 | 1.37 | (1.08,1.73) | 0.0085 | |
| Hepatitis C | 557 | 22.25 | 69 | 24.30 | 1.30 | (0.99,1.70) | 0.062 | |
| Alcoholic hepatitis | 482 | 19.26 | 51 | 17.96 | 1.08 | (0.80,1.46) | 0.6235 | |
| Hepatic coma | 849 | 33.92 | 93 | 32.75 | 0.92 | (0.71,1.17) | 0.4799 | |
| Hypertension | 505 | 20.18 | 53 | 18.66 | 1.14 | (0.85,1.54) | 0.3852 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 512 | 20.46 | 67 | 23.59 | 1.36 | (1.04,1.79) | 0.0264 | |
| Peptic ulcer | 1193 | 47.66 | 161 | 56.69 | 1.53 | (1.21,1.94) | 0.0004 | |
| Renal failure | 87 | 3.48 | 13 | 4.58 | 1.35 | (0.78,1.35) | 0.2885 | |
| Pulmonary disease | 354 | 14.14 | 44 | 15.49 | 1.23 | (0.89,1.70) | 0.2029 | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 331 | 13.22 | 26 | 9.15 | 0.80 | (0.53,1.20) | 0.2731 | |
| Biliary atresia | 272 | 10.87 | 12 | 4.23 | 0.28 | (0.16,0.50) | <.0001 | |
| Wilson's disease | 34 | 1.36 | 1 | 0.35 | 0.20 | (0.20,1.35) | 0.0979 | |
| Glycogen storage disease | 26 | 1.04 | 1 | 0.35 | 0.25 | (0.03,1.84) | 0.1734 | |
| Urea cycle metabolism disorders | 16 | 0.64 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | (0.00,0.00) | <.0001 | |
| Obese | 10 | 0.40 | 2 | 0.70 | 1.91 | (0.50,7.39) | 0.3466 | |
| Bacteremia | 137 | 5.47 | 12 | 4.23 | 0.60 | (0.34,1.09) | 0.0926 | |
| Postoperative bleeding | 126 | 5.03 | 21 | 7.39 | 1.16 | (0.74,1.81) | 0.5245 | |
| Epidural anesthesia | 11 | 0.44 | 1 | 0.35 | 0.62 | (0.09,4.39) | 0.6290 | |
| Morphine | 1246 | 49.78 | 137 | 48.24 | 0.81 | (0.65,1.03) | 0.0797 | |
†
Values are mean and standard deviation.
Hazard ratios are for malignancy as compared with non-malignancy after transplantation. CI denotes confidence interval.