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. 2017 May 1;112:35–43. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.001

Table 1.

Description of individual, behavioural, social and physical environmental variables relating to eating behaviours of adolescent participants aged 11–12 years.

Total (n = 521) Boys (n = 248)
Girls (n = 273)
Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
Individual
Habit for eating snack foods while watching TV (range 1–5) 2.97 (1.01) 2.93 (1.04) 3.01 (0.99)
Habit for eating fruit and vegetables while watching TV (range 1–5) 2.79 (1.01) 2.81 (1.08) 2.77 (0.95)
Self-efficacy for not eating snack foods when watching TV/DVD's (range 1–5) 2.98 (1.07) 3.02 (1.15) 2.94 (1.00)
Self-efficacy for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption (range 1–5) 2.89 (1.06) 2.83 (1.15) 2.93 (0.96)
Self-efficacy for reducing energy-dense snack food consumption (range 1–5) 2.78 (1.05) 2.80 (1.11) 2.76 (1.00)
Behavioural (frequency/day)
Eating breakfast while watching TV 0.52 (0.43) 0.59 (0.44) 0.46 (0.42)
Eating lunch while watching TV 0.54 (0.43) 0.57 (0.44) 0.51 (0.42)
Eating dinner while watching TV 0.63 (0.43) 0.63 (0.44) 0.62 (0.43)
Eating fruit and vegetables while watching TV 0.44 (0.36) 0.47 (0.37) 0.42 (0.35)
Eating energy-dense snacks while watching TV 0.50 (0.34) 0.48 (0.34) 0.51 (0.34)
Social environment
Eating breakfast at home together with parents (frequency/day) 0.36 (0.40) 0.38 (0.41) 0.34 (0.39)
Eating dinner at home together with parents (frequency/day) 0.74 (0.34) 0.74 (0.35) 0.73 (0.34)
Eating dinner in front of the TV with parents (frequency/day) 0.33 (0.38) 0.31 (0.38) 0.35 (0.37)
Eating breakfast in front of the TV with parents (frequency/day) 0.20 (0.34) 0.24 (0.37) 0.17 (0.30)*
Eating snacks in front of the TV with parents (frequency/day) 0.35 (0.36) 0.36 (0.37) 0.33 (0.35)
Parental pressure to eat (Range 1–3) 1.79 (0.46) 1.86 (0.47) 1.74 (0.45)**
Parental food restriction (Range 1–3) 2.46 (0.36) 2.45 (0.36) 2.46 (0.36)
Food as a reward (Range 1–3) 1.89 (0.71) 1.96 (0.73) 1.84 (0.69)
Physical environment
Home availability of energy-dense snack foods (range 4–16) 9.60 (2.85) 9.51 (2.70) 9.66 (2.99)
Home availability of fruit and vegetables (range 2–8) 5.79 (1.84) 5.64 (1.91) 5.91 (1.78)
Home accessibility of energy-dense snack foods (range 2–6) 4.03 (1.17) 4.09 (1.18) 3.97 (1.15)
Home accessibility of fruit and vegetables (range 4–12) 9.06 (1.92) 8.96 (1.95) 9.16 (1.89)
Eating behaviours (frequency/day)
Fruit 1.97 (1.59) 2.02 (1.69) 1.92 (1.49)*
Vegetables 1.80 (1.45) 1.78 (1.44) 1.82 (1.45)
Energy-dense snack foods 3.77 (3.07) 3.93 (3.31) 3.61 (2.83)*

Mean values were significantly different from those of males *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.