Table 2.
Regression coefficients and 95% CIs of adjusted and unadjusted multiple linear regression analyses: individual, behavioural, social and physical environmental variables and (Model 1) child fruit consumption adjusted for child gender and age; (Model 2) child fruit consumption adjusted for child gender and age and all ‘individual’ variables significant in the unadjusted linear regression analyses; (Model 3) child fruit consumption adjusted for child gender and age and all ‘behavioural’ variables significant in the unadjusted linear regression analyses; (Model 4) child fruit consumption adjusted for child gender and age and all ‘social environmental’ variables significant in the unadjusted linear regression analyses; (Model 5) child fruit consumption adjusted for child gender and age and all ‘physical environmental’ variables significant in the unadjusted linear regression analyses; (Model 6) child fruit consumption adjusted for child gender and age and all variables significant in Model 2–5.
| Individual | Fruit (frequency/day) |
Fruit (frequency/day) |
Fruit (frequency/day) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unstandardised regression coefficient (95% CI) |
P |
Unstandardised regression coefficient (95% CI) |
P |
Unstandardised regression coefficient (95% CI) |
P |
|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 6 | ||||
| Habit for eating snack foods while watching TV | 0.19 (0.10, 0.47) |
0.193 | −0.19 (-0.35, −0.04) |
0.020 | 0.01 (-0.17, 0.19) |
0.929 |
| Habit for eating fruit and vegetables while watching TV | −0.29 (-0.57, −0.01) |
0.041 | 0.30 (0.14, 0.45) |
0.000 | 0.12 (-0.14, 0.28) |
0.142 |
| Self-efficacy for not eating snack foods when watching TV/DVDs | −0.32 (-0.61, −0.03) |
0.030 | 0.05 (-0.12, 0.22) |
0.542 | ||
| Self-efficacy for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption | 0.15 (0.02, 0.29) |
0.023 | 0.09 (-0.06, 0.23) |
0.247 | ||
| Self-efficacy for reducing energy-dense snack food consumption |
0.11 (-0.03,0.24) |
0.115 |
0.01 (-0.17, 0.17) |
0.956 |
||
|
Behavioural |
Model 1 |
Model 3 |
Model 6 |
|||
| Eating breakfast while watching TV | 0.08 (-0.24, 0.40) |
0.624 | ||||
| Eating lunch while watching TV | −0.13 (-0.45, 0.19) |
0.418 | ||||
| Eating dinner while watching TV | −0.28 (-0.60, 0.04) |
0.098 | −0.38 (-0.71, 0.05) |
0.023 | −0.37 (-0.74, 0.01) |
0.052 |
| Eating fruit and vegetables while watching TV | 1.08 (0.70, 1.45) |
0.000 | 1.38 (0.99, 1.77) |
0.000 | 1.07 (0.59,1.54) | 0.000 |
| Eating energy-dense snacks while watching TV |
−0.38 (-0.77, 0.01) |
0.059 |
−0.60 (-1.01, 0.19) |
0.004 |
−0.60 (-1.12, 0.08) |
0.023 |
|
Social environment |
Model 1 |
Model 4 |
Model 6 |
|||
| Eating breakfast at home together with parents | 0.08 (-0.26, 0.42) |
0.655 | ||||
| Eating dinner at home together with parents | 0.35 (-0.05, 0.75) |
0.086 | 0.21 (-0.22, 0.65) |
0.326 | ||
| Eating dinner in front of the TV with parents | 0.13 (-0.35, 0.38) |
0.945 | ||||
| Eating breakfast in front of the TV with parents | 0.24 (-0.17, 0.65) |
0.246 | 0.53 (0.06, 0.99) |
0.020 | 0.58 (0.09, 1.05) |
0.018 |
| Eating snacks in front of the TV with parents | −0.37 (-0.75, 0.01) |
0.06 | −0.62 (-1.07, −0.18) |
0.006 | −0.26 (-0.73, 0.22) |
0.285 |
| Parental pressure to eat | 0.36 (0.05, 0.67) |
0.02 | 0.10 (-0.25, 0.45) |
0.57 | ||
| Parental food restriction | −0.37 (-0.077, 0.03) |
0.07 | −0.47 (-0.91, −0.03) |
0.038 | −0.40 (-0.83, 0.03) |
0.068 |
| Food as a reward |
0.25 (0.05, 0.44) |
0.01 |
0.26 (0.05, 0.48) |
0.015 |
0.28 (0.07, 0.49) |
0.009 |
|
Physical environment |
Model 1 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
|||
| Home availability of energy-dense snack foods | −0.04 (-0.09, 0.01) |
0.142 | −0.05 (-0.10, 0.01) |
0.073 | ||
| Home availability of fruit and vegetables | 0.15 (0.08, 0.23) |
0.000 | 0.11 (0.03, 0.18) |
0.004 | 0.08 (0.01, 0.17) |
0.04 |
| Home accessibility of energy-dense snack foods | −0.16 (-0.28, −0.04) |
0.010 | −0.11 (-0.25, 0.03) |
0.117 | ||
| Home accessibility of fruit and vegetables | 0.11 (0.04, 0.19) |
0.002 | 0.11 (0.03, 0.19) |
0.000 | 0.04 (-0.04, 0.12) |
0.33 |
Bold indicates p < 0.001.