Table 3.
Regression coefficients and 95% CIs from multiple linear regression analyses: individual, behavioural, social and physical environmental variables and (Model 1) child Vegetable consumption adjusted for child gender and age; (Model 2) child Vegetable consumption adjusted for child gender and age and all ‘individual’ variables significant in the unadjusted linear regression analyses; (Model 3) child Vegetable consumption adjusted for child gender and age and all ‘behavioural’ variables significant in the unadjusted linear regression analyses; (Model 4) child Vegetable consumption adjusted for child gender and age and all ‘social environmental’ variables significant in the unadjusted linear regression analyses; (Model 5) child Vegetable consumption adjusted for child gender and age and all ‘physical environmental’ variables significant in the unadjusted linear regression analyses; (Model 6) child Vegetable consumption adjusted for child gender and age and all variables significant in Models 2–5.
| Individual | Vegetable (frequency/day) |
Vegetable (frequency/day) |
Vegetable (frequency/day) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unstandardised regression coefficient (95% CI) |
P |
Unstandardised regression coefficient (95% CI) |
P |
Unstandardised regression coefficient (95% CI) |
P |
|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 6 | ||||
| Habit for eating snack foods while watching TV | −0.29 (-0.41, −0.16) |
0.000 | −0.25 (-0.39, −0.11) |
0.000 | −0.09 (-0.24, 0.08) |
0.251 |
| Habit for eating fruit and vegetables while watching TV | 0.18 (0.06, 0.31) |
0.005 | 0.18 (0.05, 0.31) | 0.009 | 0.07 (-0.07, 0.23) |
0.306 |
| Self-efficacy for not eating snack foods when watching TV/DVDs | 0.15 (0.03, 0.27) |
0.014 | −0.01 (-0.16, 0.14) |
0.870 | ||
| Self-efficacy for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption | 0.29 (0.17, 0.41) |
0.000 | 0.23 (0.10, 0.36) |
0.001 | 0.12 (-0.01,0.27) |
0.07 |
| Self-efficacy for reducing energy-dense snack food consumption |
0.17 (0.05, 0.29) |
0.004 |
0.04 (-0.11, 0.19) |
0.629 |
||
|
Behavioural |
Model 1 |
Model 3 |
Model 6 |
|||
| Eating breakfast while watching TV | −0.08 (-0.37,021) |
0.568 | ||||
| Eating lunch while watching TV | −0.42 (-0.71, −0.13) |
0.005 | −0.17 (-0.59, 0.25) |
0.437 | ||
| Eating dinner while watching TV | −0.57 (-0.86, −0.28) |
0.000 | −0.52 (-0.93, −0.11) |
0.012 | −0.28 (-0.63, 0.06) |
0.100 |
| Eating fruit and vegetables while watching TV | 0.74 (0.40,1.09) |
0.000 | 1.06 (0.69, 1.42) |
0.000 | 0.61 (0.17, 1.05) |
0.007 |
| Eating energy-dense snacks while watching TV |
−0.601 (-0.96, −0.24) |
0.001 |
−0.54 (-0.92, −0.16) |
0.006 |
−0.07 (-0.57, 0.44) |
0.800 |
|
Social environment |
Model 1 |
Model 4 |
Model 6 |
|||
| Eating breakfast at home together with parents | −0.15 (-0.46, 0.16) |
0.345 | ||||
| Eating dinner at home together with parents | 0.48 (0.12, 0.85) |
0.009 | 0.46 (0.08, 0.85) |
0.019 | 0.09 (-0.31, 0.49) |
0.653 |
| Eating dinner in front of the TV with parents | −0.51 (-0.84, −0.18) |
0.002 | −0.37 (-0.75, −0.02) |
0.065 | ||
| Eating breakfast in front of the TV with parents | −0.29 (-0.67, 0.08) |
0.120 | −0.08 (-0.51, 0.35) |
0.711 | ||
| Eating snacks in front of the TV with parents | −0.36 (-0.71, −0.02) |
0.04 | −0.02 (-0.042, 0.38) |
0.919 | ||
| Parental pressure to eat | 0.15 (-0.13,0.44) |
0.269 | ||||
| Parental food restriction | −0.47 (-0.84, −0.11) |
0.01 | −0.45 (-0.82,-0.09) |
0.016 | −0.30 (-0.71, 0.10) |
0.140 |
| Food as a reward |
0.04 (-0.14, 0.29) |
0.67 |
||||
|
Physical environment |
Model 1 |
Model 5 |
Model 6 |
|||
| Home availability of energy-dense snack foods | −0.07 (-0.12–0.03) |
0.002 | −0.08 (-0.13, −0.04) |
0.001 | −0.03 (-0.09, 0.03) |
0.402 |
| Home availability of fruit and vegetables | 0.22 (0.15, 0.28) |
0.000 | 0.23 (0.16, 0.30) |
0.000 | 0.17 (0.09, 0.25) |
0.000 |
| Home accessibility of energy-dense snack foods | −0.20 (-0.31, −0.09) |
0.000 | −0.08 (-0.21, 0.05) |
0.226 | ||
| Home accessibility of fruit and vegetables | 0.05 (-0.02, 0.12) |
0.132 | 0.03 (-0.04, 0.10) |
0.409 | ||
Bold indicates p < 0.001.