Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the healthy subjects and the chronic heart failure patients
| Characteristics | Controls (n = 28) | CHF (n = 83) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 43 (13) | 64 (10) |
| Male, n (%) | 14 (50) | 79 (95) |
| SBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 130 (22) | 116 (17) |
| DBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 81 (17) | 71 (11) |
| Heart rate, mean (SD) | 72 (12) | 68 (10) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24 (4) | 28 (4) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | – | 28 (34) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%) | – | 45 (54) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | – | 12 (14) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 0 (0) | 19 (23) |
| HF history | ||
| Ischaemic aetiology | – | 60 (72) |
| NYHA II, n (%) | – | 76 (92) |
| NYHA III, n (%) | – | 7 (8) |
| LVEF (%), mean (SD) | – | 35 (8) |
| Treatment | ||
| Loop diuretic, n (%) | 0 (0) | 42 (51) |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB, n (%) | 0 (0) | 83 (100) |
| Beta‐blocker, n (%) | 0 (0) | 81 (98) |
| MRA, n (%) | 0 (0) | 23 (28) |
| Laboratory measurements | ||
| Creatinine (µmol/L), median (IQR) | 74 (67–83) | 89 (80–98) |
| NT‐proBNP (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 39 (18–57) | 377 (223–777) |
BMI, body mass index; CHF, chronic heart failure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HF, heart failure; IQR, interquartile range; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; SBP, systolic blood pressure.