Table 2.

Cost and utilization outcomes

Outcome	ATETa
Total healthcare cost	−1829.50*** (676.38)
Total medical cost	−1580.87** (640.80)
Total type 2 diabetes healthcare cost	−439.22** (193.66)
Any hospitalization	−0.012 (0.008)
Any emergency room visit	−0.013 (0.010)
Total outpatient physician visits	−0.242 (0.209)

Average treatment effect on the treated (ATET) doubly robust estimates. All individuals with type 2 diabetes

Standard errors are in parentheses. Cost and utilization outcomes measured in years 3 and 4 after initial diabetes diagnosis. Truven MarketScan® Research Databases.

^aBootstrapped standard errors using 400 replications.

^* Significant at 10% level;

^** Significant at 5% level;

^*** Significant at 1% level.