Table 2.
Characteristics of participants by quartile of biomarker-predicted total sugars intake (n 450); Study of Latinos: Nutrition & Physical Activity Assessment Study (SOLNAS)
| Q1 (n 113) | Q2 (n 112) | Q3 (n 112) | Q4 (n 112) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | P value |
| Biomarker-predicted total sugars intake (g/d), range | 6·5–104·5 | 104·7–168·3 | 169·4–276·0 | 277·8–2921·2 | |||||
| Self-reported intake, NCI method | |||||||||
| Total sugars intake (g/d) | 98 | 32 | 96 | 34 | 97 | 39 | 95 | 35 | 0·9 |
| Energy intake (kJ/d) | 8163 | 1992 | 7971 | 2050 | 7883 | 2138 | 7816 | 2059 | 0·41 |
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1951 | 476 | 1905 | 490 | 1884 | 511 | 1868 | 492 | 0·41 |
| Energy expenditure by DLW (kJ/d) | 9908 | 2013 | 9908 | 2192 | 10 205 | 2109 | 10 535 | 2276 | 0·10 |
| Energy expenditure by DLW (kcal/d) | 2368 | 481 | 2368 | 524 | 2439 | 504 | 2518 | 544 | 0·10 |
| Age (years) | 39 | 13 | 46 | 12 | 48 | 12 | 52 | 11 | <0·0001 |
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| Gender | 0·54 | ||||||||
| Female | 74 | 65·5 | 71 | 63·4 | 67 | 59·8 | 64 | 56·6 | |
| Male | 39 | 34·5 | 41 | 36·6 | 45 | 40·2 | 49 | 43·4 | |
| Weight status | 0·41 | ||||||||
| Underweight (<18·5 kg/m2) | 0 | 0·0 | 1 | 0·9 | 2 | 1·8 | 1 | 0·9 | |
| Normal (18·5–24·9 kg/m2) | 28 | 24·8 | 25 | 22·3 | 16 | 14·3 | 16 | 14·2 | |
| Overweight (25·0–29·9 kg/m2) | 43 | 38·1 | 45 | 40·2 | 48 | 42·9 | 44 | 38·9 | |
| Obese (≥30·0 kg/m2) | 42 | 37·2 | 41 | 36·6 | 46 | 41·1 | 52 | 46·0 | |
| Hispanic/Latino background | 0·04 | ||||||||
| Central American | 16 | 14·2 | 10 | 8·9 | 10 | 8·9 | 11 | 9·7 | |
| Cuban | 15 | 13·3 | 11 | 9·8 | 11 | 9·8 | 13 | 11·5 | |
| Dominican | 15 | 13·3 | 10 | 8·9 | 18 | 16·1 | 22 | 19·5 | |
| Mexican | 37 | 32·7 | 39 | 34·8 | 34 | 30·4 | 25 | 22·1 | |
| Puerto Rican | 21 | 18·6 | 26 | 23·2 | 29 | 25·9 | 39 | 34·5 | |
| South American | 9 | 8·0 | 16 | 14·3 | 10 | 8·9 | 3 | 2·7 | |
| Income | 0·36 | ||||||||
| Low income (<$US 30 000/year) | 74 | 65·5 | 65 | 58·0 | 81 | 72·3 | 79 | 69·9 | |
| High income (≥$US 30 000/year) | 29 | 25·7 | 38 | 33·9 | 25 | 22·3 | 27 | 23·9 | |
| Missing | 10 | 8·9 | 9 | 8·0 | 6 | 5·4 | 7 | 6·2 | |
| Educational level | 0·56 | ||||||||
| Less than high school | 32 | 28·3 | 31 | 27·7 | 37 | 33·0 | 43 | 38·1 | |
| High school equivalent | 26 | 23·0 | 31 | 27·7 | 30 | 26·8 | 25 | 22·1 | |
| Greater than high school | 55 | 48·7 | 50 | 44·6 | 45 | 40·2 | 45 | 39·8 | |
| Smoking | 0·22 | ||||||||
| Never | 79 | 69·9 | 66 | 58·9 | 65 | 58·0 | 58 | 51·8 | |
| Past | 17 | 15·0 | 22 | 19·6 | 22 | 19·6 | 28 | 25·0 | |
| Current | 17 | 15·0 | 24 | 21·4 | 25 | 22·3 | 26 | 23·2 | |
| Self-reported physical activity* (min/week) | 439 | 684 | 580 | 1019 | 675 | 993 | 461 | 735 | 0·15 |
DLW, doubly labelled water.
*
Self-reported physical activity is the total amount of time spent doing some form of physical activity for work, transportation, recreation and sedentary behaviour in a week from the modified Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ; available at https://www2.cscc.unc.edu/hchs/system/files/forms/UNLICOMMPhysicalPAE02182008.pdf).