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. 2016 Nov 18;7(49):80313–80326. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13450

Figure 1. Effects of dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins on intestinal permeability and intestinal morphology.

Figure 1

A. Intestinal permeability measured by lactulose/mannitol excretion ratio (L/M ratio) in each group. Values are means ± SEMs, n = 6. Different superscript within each group means significantly different (P < 0.05). B.-C. The mucosa in the segments of B. jejunum and C. ileum of the selected piglets in each group were isolated, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h, and then embedded in paraffin wax. Sections of 4 μm were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Representative photos were taken and villus height and crypt depth were measured. Values are means ± SEMs, n = 6. Different superscript within each group means significantly different (P < 0.05). NC, negative control; GSPs, grape seed proanthocyanidins; AGS, reduced antibiotics + GSPs; PC, positive control.