Table 1.
Studies focusing on the temporal low-order parameters of swimming behavior.
| Authors | Measured parameters | Sensor type | Participant |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bächlin and Tröster, 2011 | Wall push-off, end of the laps, average velocity, SL and SR | 3D accelerometer | 18 swimmers |
| Beanland et al., 2013 | Stroke count, mid-pool velocity | 3D accelerometer | 21 swimmers |
| Callaway, 2015 | Lap time, average velocity, stroke count, stroke duration, SR | 3D accelerometer | 12 swimmers |
| Dadashi et al., 2012, 2014 | Instantaneous swimming velocity | 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope | 20 and 8 swimmers |
| Dadashi et al., 2013a | Instantaneous swimming velocity, intra-cyclic velocity variations | 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope | 12 swimmers |
| Dadashi et al., 2013d | Instantaneous swimming velocity, cycle mean velocity | 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope | 20 swimmers |
| Dadashi et al., 2015 | Breaststroke cycle mean velocity | 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope | 15 swimmers |
| Daukantas et al., 2008 | Lap count, instantaneous SR | 3D accelerometer | 4 swimmers |
| Davey et al., 2008 | Wall push-off, turns, lap time, stroke count and SR | 3D accelerometer | 6 swimmers |
| Fulton et al., 2009a,b | Kick count and kick rate | 3D accelerometer, 1D gyroscope | 14 and 12 Paralympic swimmers |
| Fulton et al., 2011 | Kick count and kick rate | 3D accelerometer, 1D gyroscope | 12 Paralympic swimmers |
| Hagem et al., 2013 | SL, SR, lap time | 3D accelerometer | 1 swimmer |
| Ichikawa et al., 2003 | Stroke frequency, hand water entry and exit | 3D accelerometer | 4 swimmers |
| James et al., 2004 | Wall push-off, stroke style and stroke count metrics | 3D accelerometer | Selection of swimmers |
| Jensen et al., 2013 | Rest and swimming phases, swimming style and turn detection | 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope | 12 swimmers |
| Khoo et al., 2013 | Acceleration profiles, stroke duration, breathing pattern | 3D accelerometer | 2 swimmers |
| Lecoutere and Puers, 2014 | Split times, stroke frequencies, breathing patterns and distance per stroke | 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope | 1 swimmer |
| Le Sage et al., 2010a | Turns, stroke duration | 3D accelerometer, 2D gyroscope | 1 swimmer |
| Le Sage et al., 2010b | Lap time, turn detection | 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope | 1 swimmer |
| Ohgi et al., 2014 | Rest and swimming phases, start, turns, goal touch events, swimming style | 3D accelerometer | 45 swimmers |
| Pansiot et al., 2010 | Swimming style, wall push-off, lap counts | 3D accelerometer | 1 swimmer |
| Puel et al., 2014 | Rotational speeds and translational accelerations, hip longitudinal speeds in breaststroke and crawl | 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope, 3D magnetometer | Sample of swimmers |
| Siirtola et al., 2011 | Swimming style, turns, number of strokes | 3D accelerometer | 11 swimmers |
| Slawson et al., 2008 | Stroke count, stroke duration | 3D accelerometer | 1 triathlete |
| Stamm et al., 2011 | Start and end swimming times, stroke frequency, average velocity | 3D accelerometer | 1 swimmer |
| Stamm et al., 2013a | Instantaneous push-off and glide velocities | 3D accelerometer | 7 swimmers |
| Stamm et al., 2013b | Instantaneous swimming velocity, SR | 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope | 17 swimmers |
| Stamm and Thiel, 2015 | Lap velocity and acceleration, SR, arm symmetry | 3D accelerometer, 3D gyroscope | 8 swimmers |
| Vannozzi et al., 2010 | Gliding phase, stroke phase and turn phase durations | 3D accelerometer, 2D gyroscope | 8 swimmers |
For each work, the measured parameters are included alongside the sensor type. SL, stroke length; SR, stroke rate; 1D, one-dimensional; 2D, two-dimensional; 3D three-dimensional.