Table 1.
Statistical analysis
| Experiment | Variable | Statistical test | Factor or comparison | Test values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Corrective force differences | 2 × 2×2 repeated-measures ANOVA | TWFSHTW×FIXTW×HFIX×H | F(1,13) = 173.0, p < 0.001, OP = 1.0F(1,13) = 59.0, p < 0.001, OP = 1.0F(1,13) = 17.6, p = 0.001, OP = 0.97F(1,13) = 33.4, p < 0.001, OP = 1.0F(1,13) = 1.5, p = 0.238, OP = 0.21F(1,13) = 1.4, p = 0.262, OP = 0.19 |
| 1 | Ratio of corrective force differences | 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA | FIXHFIX×H | F(1,13) < 0.1, p = 0.976, OP = 0.05F(1,13) = 0.1, p = 0.746, OP = 0.06F(1,13) = 0.27, p = 0.611, OP = 0.08 |
| 1 | Corrective force differences at nonperturbed hand | One-sample t-tests (corrected α = 0.0125) | nt+fixnt+nfixwt+fixwt+nfix | t(13) = 4.2, p = 0.001, CI [0.06–0.19]t(13) = 3.7, p = 0.003, CI [0.04–0.15]t(13) = 2.2, p = 0.050, CI [<0.0001–0.15]t(13) = 1.5, p = 0.157, CI [–0.02 to 0.11] |
| 1 | Correction onsets (t-test method) | 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA | FIXHFIX×H | F(1,13) = 120.4, p < 0.001, OP = 1.0F(1,13) = 2.1, p = 0.166, OP = 0.27F(1,13) = 0.23, p = 0.643, OP = 0.07 |
| 1 | Correction onsets (extrapolation method) | 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA | FIXHFIX×H | F(1,13) = 70.9, p < 0.001, OP = 1.0F(1,13) = 2.9, p = 0.113, OP = 0.35F(1,13) = 1.0, p = 0.344, OP = 0.15 |
| 1 | Gaze position | 2 × 2×2 repeated-measures ANOVA | TWFSHTW×FIXTW×HFIX×H | F(1,13) = 14.8, p = 0.002, OP = 0.94F(1,13) = 4.0, p = 0.067, OP = 0.46F(1,13) = 43.9, p < 0.001, OP = 1.0F(1,13) = 16.1, p = 0.001, OP = 0.96F(1,13) = 17.2, p = 0.001, OP = 0.97F(1,13) = 0.09, p = 0.766, OP = 0.06 |
| 2 | Corrective force differences | 2 × 2×2 repeated-measures ANOVA | TWTW-OPCTW×TW-OTW×PCTW-O×PC | F(1,13) = 99.9, p < 0.001, OP = 1.0F(1,13) = 10.4, p = 0.007, OP = 0.85F(2,26) = 9.7, p = 0.001, OP = 0.97F(1,13) = 19.6, p = 0.001, OP = 0.98F(2,26) = 1.9, p = 0.170, OP = 0.36F(2,26) = 0.5, p = 0.620, OP = 0.12 |
| 2 | Corrective force differences | Planned comparisons | nt(nt) vs. nt(wt)wt(nt) vs. wt(wt) | p = 0.211, OP = 0.23p < 0.001, OP = 0.99 |
| 2 | Corrective force differences | Pairwise comparisons | sp vs. dp-ssp vs. dp-odp-s vs. dp-o | p = 0.001, CI [0.06–0.18]p = 0.161, CI [–0.03 to 0.18]p = 0.002, CI [0.08–0.31] |
| 2 | Correction onsets (t-test method) | One-way ANOVA | PC | F(2,26) = 0.8, p = 0.441, OP = 0.18 |
| 2 | Correction onsets (extrapolation method) | One-way ANOVA | PC | F(2,26) = 0.2, p = 0.856, OP = 0.072 |
| 2 | Corrective force differences at nonperturbed hand | One-sample t-tests (corrected α = 0.0125) | nt(nt)+spnt(wt)+spwt(nt)+spwt(wt)+sp | t(13) = –0.29, p = 0.775, CI [–0.10 to 0.08]t(13) = –0.30, p = 0.767, CI [–0.14 to 0.10]t(13) = –0.23, p = 0.821, CI [–0.13 to 0.10]t(13) = 2.2, p = 0.051, CI [–0.0002 to 0.15] |
OP, observed power; CI, 95% confidence interval; TW, target width; TW-O, target width, other hand; FS , fixation side; H, hands; PC, perturbation condition; nt/wt, narrow/wide target; fix/nfix, fixation/nonfixation side; sp/dp-s/dp-o, single/double-same/double-opposite perturbation.