Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2016 Dec 16;13(2):461–466. doi: 10.3892/etm.2016.3979

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright: © Liu et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 1. — mRNA expression levels of (A) MCP-1 and (B) CCR2 (its receptor) in the spinal cord of MTBP rats, as determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The analysis revealed that MCP-1 and CCR2 expression levels increased in the spinal cord. β-actin served as a loading control. Values are presented as the mean ± standard error (n=6 in each group). *P<0.05 vs. S group; ^#P<0.05 vs. M group; ^&P<0.05 vs. B group. MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; CCR2, C-C chemokine receptor type 2; MTBP, morphine tolerance in bone cancer pain; S, sham; M, morphine; B, bone cancer pain; and BM, morphine tolerance and bone cancer pain.