Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of randomized participants
| Total randomized intention‐to‐treat N = 5811* | |
|---|---|
| Mean (s.d.) age, years | 64.0 (8.4) |
| Female, n (%) | 2162 (37.2) |
| Race, n (%) | |
| White | 4765 (82.0) |
| Asian | 489 (8.4) |
| Black or African American | 229 (3.9) |
| Other | 328 (5.6) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 1030 (17.7) |
| History of hypertension, n (%) | 5109 (87.9) |
| History of heart failure, n (%) | 924 (15.9) |
| Mean (s.d.) duration of diabetes, years | 13.7 (7.9) |
| Drug therapy, n (%) | |
| Insulin | 2905 (50.0) |
| Sulphonylurea | 2325 (40.0) |
| Metformin | 4652 (80.1) |
| GLP‐1 receptor agonist | 310 (5.3) |
| Statin | 4454 (76.6) |
| Antithrombotic | 4363 (75.1) |
| RAAS inhibitor | 4593 (79.0) |
| Microvascular disease history, n (%) | |
| Retinopathy | 1263 (21.7) |
| Nephropathy | 1114 (19.2) |
| Neuropathy | 1762 (30.3) |
| Atherosclerotic vascular disease history, n (%)† | |
| Coronary | 2922 (50.3) |
| Cerebrovascular | 828 (14.2) |
| Peripheral | 1126 (19.4) |
| Any | 4098 (70.5) |
| Mean (s.d.) body mass index, kg/m2 | 31.9 (5.7) |
| Mean (s.d.) systolic BP, mmHg | 136.9 (15.8) |
| Mean (s.d.) diastolic BP, mmHg | 77.6 (9.6) |
| Mean (s.d.) HbA1c, % | 8.3 (1.0) |
| Mean (s.d.) total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.4 (1.2) |
| Mean (s.d.) triglycerides, mmol/L | 2.1 (1.5) |
| Mean (s.d.) HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.2 (0.3) |
| Mean (s.d.) LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.3 (0.9) |
| Mean (s.d.) LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio | 2.1 (0.9) |
| Mean (s.d.) eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 75.9 (21.7) |
| eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) | 1439 (24.8) |
| eGFR ≥60 to <90 mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) | 3044 (52.4) |
| eGFR ≥45 to <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) | 941 (16.2) |
| eGFR ≥30 to <45 mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) | 363 (6.2) |
| eGFR ≥15 to <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) | 23 (0.4) |
| eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) | 1 (<0.1) |
| Mean (s.d.) ACR, mg/mmol‡ ‡ | 15.2 (56.3) |
| Normoalbuminuria, n (%) | 3944 (68.9) |
| Microalbuminuria, n (%) | 1279 (22.3) |
| Nephrotic range macroalbuminuria, n (%) | 41 (0.7) |
| Non‐nephrotic range macroalbuminuria, n (%) | 459 (8.0) |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; GLP‐1, glucagon‐like peptide‐1; RAAS, renin angiotensin aldosterone system; s.d., standard deviation.
*
One subject who was randomized twice will be excluded from analysis.
†
Some participants had ≥1 type of atherosclerotic disease.
‡
Values for albuminuria categories calculated based on N = 5723.