Table 1. Comparison of phenotypes of Lrrk1 deficiency between humans and mice.

Phenotypes	Deficiency of Lrrk1 in humans	Deficiency of Lrrk1 in mice
Facial features	Normal	Normal
Body length	Reduced	Reduced
Bone marrow cavities	Reduced	Reduced
BMD	Increased	Increased
Hearing problems	(−)	No data
Mental retardation	(−)	No data
Epilepsy	(−)	No data
Fracture susceptibility	(−)	No data
Hypotonia	(+)a	(−)
Skull bone density	Normal, measured by X-ray radiography	Mild increased, measured by micro-CT
Vertebral endplates	Sclerosis	Sclerosis
Rib costal ends	Normal	Normal
Pelvis bone	Marginal Sclerosis	Marginal Sclerosis
Long and short tubular bones	Epiphysis, metaphysis sclerosis, and under-modeling	Epiphysis, metaphysis sclerosis, and under-modeling
Cortical bone density	Normal, measured by X-ray radiography	Slightly increased, measured by micro-CT

BMD, bone mineral density; Lrrk1, leucine-rich repeat kinase 1.

^aComplicated by Duchenne muscular dystrophy.