Table 3.
Bivariable association between health risk behaviours and psychosocial factors among Vietnamese HIV positive outpatients (N = 400)
| Psychosocial and mental health factors | Unsafe sexual practices | Illicit drug use | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes n (%) | No n (%) | P | OR (95% CI) | Yes n (%) | No n (%) | p | OR (95% CI) | |
| Have family members diagnosed HIV positive | ||||||||
| Yes | 25 (20.5) | 97 (79.5) | 0.009 | 2.13 (1.19–3.81) | 3 (2.5) | 119 (97.5) | 0.096 | 0.34 (0.10–1.18) |
| No | 30 (10.8) | 248 (89.2) | 1 | 19 (6.8) | 259 (93.2) | 1 | ||
| HIV status disclosure | ||||||||
| Yes | 50 (13.7) | 314 (86.3) | 0.999 | 0.99 (0.37–2.66) | 21 (5.8) | 343 (94.2) | 0.708 | 2.14 (0.28–16.41) |
| No | 5 (13.9) | 31 (86.1) | 1 | 1 (2.8) | 35 (97.2) | 1 | ||
| Family support | ||||||||
| Yes | 48 (13.3) | 312 (86.7) | 0.468 | 0.73 (0.30–1.73) | 22 (6.1) | 338 (93.9) | 0.149 | NA |
| No | 7 (17.5) | 33 (82.5) | 1 | 0 | 40 (100) | |||
| Social support | ||||||||
| Yes | 19 (20.9) | 72 (79.1) | 0.025 | 2.00 (1.08–3.70) | 7 (7.7) | 84 (92.3) | 0.297 | 1.63 (0.64–4.14) |
| No | 36 (11.7) | 273 (88.3) | 1 | 15 (4.9) | 294 (95.1) | 1 | ||
| Professional support | ||||||||
| Yes | 27 (11.0) | 219 (89.0) | 0.042 | 0.55 (0.31–0.98) a | 14 (5.7) | 232 (94.3) | 0.832 | 1.10 (0.45–2.69) |
| No | 28 (18.2) | 126 (81.8) | 1 | 8 (5.2) | 146 (94.8) | 1 | ||
| Number of stressful life experiences in past 30 days | ||||||||
| 0 | 7 (14.3) | 42 (85.7) | 0.439 | 1 | 2 (4.1) | 47 (95.9) | 0.929 | 1 |
| 1–2 | 18 (13.1) | 119 (86.9) | 0.91 (0.35–2.33) | 8 (5.8) | 129 (94.2) | 1.46 (0.30–7.11) | ||
| 3–4 | 16 (11.2) | 127 (88.8) | 0.76 (0.29–1.96) | 7 (4.9) | 136 (95.1) | 1.21 (0.24–6.03) | ||
| 5–6 | 11 (22.0) | 39 (78.0) | 1.69 (0.60–4.80) | 4 (8.0) | 46 (92.0) | 2.04 (0.36–11.71) | ||
| > 6 | 3 (14.3) | 18 (85.7) | 1.00 (0.23–4.31) | 1 (4.8) | 20 (95.2) | 1.17 (0.10–13.71) | ||
| Symptoms of alcohol use disorder (WHO-AUDIT) b | ||||||||
| Yes | 7 (13.2) | 46 (86.8) | 0.902 | 0.95 (0.40–2.22) | 3 (5.7) | 50 (94.3) | 0.999 | 1.04 (0.30–3.63) |
| No | 48 (13.8) | 299 (86.2) | 1 | 19 (5.5) | 328 (94.5) | 1 | ||
| Symptoms of substance use disorder (DAST) b | ||||||||
| Yes | 2 (15.4) | 11 (84.6) | 0.696 | 1.15 (0.25–5.31) | 10 (76.9) | 3 (23.1) | <0.001 | 104.17 (25.37–427.71) |
| No | 53 (13.7) | 334 (86.3) | 1 | 12 (3.1) | 375 (96.9) | 1 | ||
| Anxiety symptoms (PVPS-A) b | ||||||||
| Yes | 7 (16.7) | 35 (83.3) | 0.562 | 1.29 (0.54–3.07) | 2 (4.8) | 40 (95.2) | 0.999 | 0.85 (0.19–3.75) |
| No | 48 (13.4) | 310 (86.6) | 1 | 20 (5.6) | 338 (94.4) | 1 | ||
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D) b | ||||||||
| Yes | 19 (13.0) | 127 (87.0) | 0.746 | 0.91 (0.50–1.65) | 9 (6.2) | 137 (93.8) | 0.659 | 1.22 (0.51–2.92) |
| No | 36 (14.2) | 218 (85.8) | 1 | 13 (5.1) | 241 (94.9) | 1 | ||
| Symptoms of HIV associated dementia (IHDS) b | ||||||||
| Yes | 22 (13.8) | 137 (86.2) | 0.967 | 1.01 (0.57–1.81) | 8 (5.0) | 151 (95.0) | 0.738 | 0.86 (0.35–2.10) |
| No | 33 (13.7) | 208 (86.3) | 1 | 14 (5.8) | 227 (94.2) | 1 | ||
aReversed OR = 1.82; 95% CI 1.02–3.23. bYes = Above cutoff, No = Below cutoff