. 2017 Mar 14;17:199. doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2140-4

Table 5.

Hospitalization costs of type 2 diabetes in patients with various chronic complications

Hospitalization costs	Microvascular		Macrovascular		Microvascular + macrovascular		P-value
Hospitalization costs	Mean ± SD	Median	Mean ± SD	Median	Mean ± SD	Median	P-value
Total costs	225.40 ± 115.32	200.34 (151.00–263.24)	221.25 ± 177.64	170.05 (134.81–255.11)^a	275.18 ± 193.14	217.91 (158.94–345.02)^bc	<0.001
Drugs	109.11 ± 67.82	94.80 (65.25–137.20)	99.60 ± 76.64	80.26 (57.07–119.78)^a	125.87 ± 103.22	96.08 (63.04–164.70)^c	<0.001
Accommodation	13.12 ± 7.55	11.72 (8.99–15.09)	13.24 ± 13.98	10.11 (7.71–15.42)^a	18.37 ± 29.02	12.38 (9.91–17.73)^bc	<0.001
Imaging	28.19 ± 19.55	24.26 (15.97–35.40)	21.84 ± 16.31	19.85 (10.84–29.24)^a	26.74 ± 22.65	22.61 (11.48–35.99)^c	<0.001
Therapeutics	16.08 ± 20.87	10.76 (5.71–16.61)	29.55 ± 54.91	10.33 (5.31–19.92)	36.14 ± 59.49	11.71 (6.47–29.3)^bc	0.005
Lab analysis	45.96 ± 25.19	40.30 (28.55–58.62)	40.44 ± 19.78	37.33 (27.69–50.51)^a	47.30 ± 31.32	41.37 (28.94–60.36)^c	0.007
Sanitary materials	7.14 ± 10.02	5.52 (3.69–7.46)	12.15 ± 95.75	4.64 (2.84–7.01)^a	15.31 ± 49.03	6.02 (3.59–9.15)^c	<0.001
Diagnostics	2.22 ± 0.95	2.10 (1.69–2.62)	2.08 ± 0.99	1.87 (1.50–2.62)^a	2.40 ± 1.21	2.25 (1.69–2.87)^c	<0.001
Nursing care	1.34 ± 1.17	1.12 (0.85–1.42)	1.55 ± 1.36	1.05 (0.76–1.87)	2.08 ± 1.69	1.63 (0.96–2.62)^bc	<0.001

A Dunn’s nonparametric comparison for post hoc testing after a Kruskal-Wallis test were performed and indicated significant differences between groups of microvascular complications and macrovascular complications, microvascular complications and microvascular + macrovascular complications, and macrovascular complications and microvascular + macrovascular complications, as illustrated a, b, c respectively in Table 5