Table 2. Overview of the indicators used and sample questions.

Scales	Number of items	Type of question	Sample question	Cronbach’s alpha	Source
Sensation-Seeking	8	Agree/disagree (5-point Likert-type scale)	I would like to explore strange or new places. I prefer friends who do things on the spur of the moment.	0.65	Hoyle, Stephenson, Palmgreen, Lorch, and Donohew (2002)
Self-Efficacy in Sexual Relations	8	Not sure/kind of sure/totally sure (3-point scale)	How sure are you that you could use a condom correctly or explain to your partner how to use a condom correctly? Imagine that you and your partner have been in a relationship, but you have not had sex. Your partner really wants to have sex. Still, you don’t feel ready. How sure are you that you could keep from having sex until you feel ready?	0.87	Basen-Engquist et al. (1999)
Future Orientation	6	Agree/ disagree (3-point scale)	Do you agree or disagree: Dreams can be achieved? Do you agree or disagree: It’s okay for people my age to not come to school when they don’t feel like it?	0.53	HSRC All Stars Questionnaire
HIV Transmission Knowledge	6	Yes/No/Don’t know (3-point scale)	Is it possible to transmit HIV by drinking from the same cup? Is it possible to transmit HIV from a mother to her unborn baby?	0.70	WHO (1988)
HIV Prevention Knowledge	9	Yes/No/Don’t Know (3-point scale)	Can HIV infection be prevented by sticking to one partner, having only one sexual partner? Can HIV infection be prevented by taking antiretroviral drugs?	0.78	WHO (1988)
HIV Attitudes	12	Agree/ disagree (3-point scale)	Do you agree or disagree: AIDS is cured by having sex with a virgin? Do you agree or disagree: A person with HIV can look healthy?	0.72	WHO (1988)
Sexual Attitudes	5	Agree/ disagree (3-point scale)	Do you agree or disagree: Having sexual intercourse with someone besides a steady partner makes a boy or girl ‘cool’ or popular? Do you agree or disagree: If I do not have sex, I will lose some of my friends?	0.67	Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (1994)
Decision-Making	20	Never/ Always (5-point scale)	When I have a decision to make, I think about the problem before I take action. When I have a decision to make, I prioritise my choices before making a decision.	0.97	Mincemoyer and Perkins (2003)
Healthy Relationships	6	Agree/ Disagree (5-point scale)	Do you agree or disagree: If a boy buys a girl presents, she must have sex with him? Do you agree or disagree: If a girl suggests using a condom to her partner, it suggests she does not trust him?	0.93	Swartz et al. (2010) (Vhutshilo 2 Intervention)
Social Support	23	Agree/ disagree (5--point scale)	Do you agree or disagree: My family holds me in high esteem? Do you agree or disagree: My friends look out for me?	0.86	Procidano and Heller (1983)