TABLE 1.

Clinical Trials of Cell Transplants in Huntington's Disease

Study	n	Donor Tissue/Side			Implant Tracks	Immune Treatment	Safety	Efficacy	Imaging	Anatomy
		n	Weeks	Dissect
Cuba and Czech	4	2–3	?	VM or WGE	2–3 ? [B]	CyA	No pathological or immunological response137	Not yet possible to determine	MRI-guided stereotaxy; no reported follow-up
Mexico City	2	1	E12–13	WGE	CN cavity	CyA + Pred	No surgical incidents or subsequent SEs138	Slow progression of disease	Not reported
Los Angeles	14	5–8	E8–10	LGE	1 CN + 4 Pu [B]	Not reported	Safe; no serious SEs74	Benefit motor,75 limited neuropsych tests76	MRI MRS78 and FDG PET75
Boston	12	35–38	Porcine	LGE	2 CN + 4 Pu [U]	CyA or anti-MHC	Safe; no serious SEs86	No change over 12 months86	Not reported
Tampa	7	2–8	E8–9	LLGE	pcPu [B]	CyA 6 months	1 death, 3 subdural hematomas83	Modest (NS) changes in motor tests at 12 months83	MRI and PET	2 postmortem cases with good survival84
Créteil	5	2–4	E7.5-9	WGE	2 CN + 3 Pu [B]	CyA 1 year	Procedure safe80	Motor and electrophysiol improvements81 continue over 4 years	MRI and FDG PET; graft survival in 3 functional cases82
							Mild psychiatric SEs
London	2						Possible psychiatric SE in one patient	Improvement in chorea in 1 of 2 patients	MRI and D2R PET; survival in PET
NEST-UK	4	2–3	E8–12	WGE	2 CN + 4 Pu [U]	Triple	Only SEs related to immunosuppression85	Safety only, efficacy not reported	MRI; graft survival

[B] = bilateral implants; CN = caudate nucleus; CyA = cyclosporin A; E = weeks of embryonic age; LLGE = lateral aspect of the lateral ganglionic eminence; Pred = prednisolone; pcPU = postcommissural putamen; Pu = putamen; SEs = side effects; Triple = combined cyclosporin A, prednisolone, and azothiaprine; WGE = whole ganglionic eminence; [U] = unilateral implants; VM = ventral mesencephalon.