Table 2. Significantly longer cilia in IS-derived bone cells.

	0 h	24 h	48 h	72 h
Controls	1.94 ± 0.35	1.99 ± 0.32	2.05 ± 0.66	2.16 ± 0.78
IS	2.66 ± 1.14	2.87 ± 1.84	2.82 ± 0.81	2.80 ± 0.65
P Value	2.62632 E-22	1.00327 E-20	2.49 E-25	1.03284 E-14

The average length of cilia in μm ± variance at four starvation time points (0, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h). To compare the length of cilia between IS and non-IS controls, we combined measurements of up to 1000 cilia for each sample (25 fields per sample, in duplicate), at each time point, then used a t-test to compare the mean lengths of cilia in IS vs. control pools. The difference in length was significant across all the time points for IS patients (P value ≤ 0.005), n = 8 (4 IS vs. 4 Controls).