Fig. 3.

ICN reductions in preSxC9. Group difference maps show reduced intrinsic connectivity in 13 preSxC9 compared with 30 healthy controls (HC3) for all four networks studied: (A) salience network; (B) SMN; (C) DMN; and (D) medial pulvinar. Note the topographic similarity of connectivity reductions in the salience network (A) and medial pulvinar network (D). Analyses were thresholded using joint probability distribution thresholding with a joint height and extent threshold of p < 0.05 corrected at the whole-brain level. Color bars represent t-scores, and statistical maps are on the Montreal Neurological Institute template brain. The left side of the axial and coronal images corresponds to the left side of the brain. Mean ICN parameter estimate versus age within the maps at left are plotted for 13 preSxC9 (blue dots), C9– (black dots), and HC (black circles). All four plots suggest ICN reductions throughout the age span studied. Age axis labels are omitted to preserve subject anonymity. C9 + = presymptomatic C9ORF72 expansion carriers; C9– = non-carrier family members (black dots); HC = non-family healthy controls. C9– and HC were combined to comprise HC3.