. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychosom Med. 2016 Sep;78(7):819–828. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000345

Table 5.

Adjusted logistic regression parameter estimates for the association between optimism and cognitive impairment (excluding people who were within one standard deviation of the cognitive impairment cutoff score; n = 4,075)

Model	Covariates	Adjusted Logistic Regression (95% CI)
1	Age + sex	0.63 (0.53–0.73)	<.001
2	Demographic’	0.67 (0.57–0.78)	<.001
3	Demographic^s + health behaviors^b	0.69 (0.58–0.81)	<.001
4	Demographic’ + biological factors’	0.68 (0.58–0.80)	<.001
5	All covariates⁵	0.69 (0.59–0.82)	<.001

CI = confidence interval; BMI = body mass index.

n= 4075.

^∘

Demographic factors; age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education level, total wealth.

Health behaviors: smoking, exercise, alcohol frequency.

Biological factors: heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, BMI.

All covariates: age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education level, total wealth, smoking, exercise, alcohol frequency, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, BMI.