Table 1.
Characteristics of mechanically ventilated emergency department patients with ARDS
| Study Group | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
| Baseline characteristics | Pre-intervention (n= 186) | Intervention Group (n= 43) | P value |
|
| |||
| Age (yr) | 57.7 (50.9–71.9) | 57.5 (43.5–66.3) | 0.14 |
|
| |||
| Male, n (%) | 106 (57.0) | 28 (65.1) | 0.33 |
|
| |||
| Race, n (%) | |||
| Caucasian | 97 (52.2) | 22 (51.2) | 0.91 |
| African-American | 86 (46.2) | 22 (51.2) | 0.56 |
| Other | 3 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.40 |
|
| |||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 71 (38.2) | 11 (25.6) | 0.12 |
| Cirrhosis | 23 (12.4) | 7 (16.3) | 0.49 |
| CHF | 39 (21.0) | 13 (30.2) | 0.32 |
| Dialysis | 10 (5.4) | 3 (7.0) | 0.72 |
| COPD | 45 (24.1) | 9 (20.9) | 0.65 |
| Immunosuppression | 26 (14.0) | 13 (30.2) | 0.01 |
| Alcohol abuse | 25 (13.4) | 7 (16.3) | 0.63 |
| HIV/AIDS | 9 (4.8) | 2 (4.7) | 1.0 |
|
| |||
| BMI | 29.9 (11.0) | 30.5 (13.4) | 0.30 |
|
| |||
| Temperature (Celsius) | 36.8 (1.3) | 36.8 (1.5) | 0.84 |
|
| |||
| MAP | 79.3 (20.9) | 75.0 (36.0) | 0.30 |
|
| |||
| Lactate | 3.0 (1.9–6.0) | 4.7 (2.3–7.9) | 0.06 |
|
| |||
| Creatinine | 1.3 (0.9–2.4) | 1.2 (1.0–2.2) | 0.92 |
|
| |||
| Platelet | 208.3 (159.7) | 244.5 (144.6) | 0.27 |
|
| |||
| INR | 1.9 (1.7) | 1.9 (1.8) | 0.26 |
|
| |||
| Total bilirubin | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.6 (0.4–1.4) | 0.78 |
|
| |||
| Albumin | 2.9 (0.8) | 3.1 (0.8) | 0.16 |
|
| |||
| APACHE II* | 17.1 (5.5) | 23.7 (7.8) | <0.01 |
|
| |||
| SOFA* | 6.0 (4–8) | 8.0 (4–9) | 0.02 |
|
| |||
| Reason for mechanical ventilation, n (%) | |||
| Medical | 129 (69.4) | 33 (83.7) | 0.34 |
| Trauma | 20 (10.8) | 5 (11.6) | 0.87 |
| Other | 37 (19.9) | 5 (11.6) | 0.21 |
|
| |||
| Sepsis, n (%) | 101 (54.3) | 30 (69.7) | 0.17 |
|
| |||
| Process of Care Variables | |||
|
| |||
| Intravenous fluids in ED (liters) | 2.5 (2.0) | 1.7 (1.6) | 0.15 |
|
| |||
| Blood products, n (%) | 33 (17.7) | 10 (23.3) | 0.40 |
|
| |||
| Central venous catheter, n (%) | 89 (47.8) | 22 (51.2) | 0.70 |
|
| |||
| Antibiotics, n (%) | 96 (51.6) | 29 (67.4) | 0.11 |
|
| |||
| Vasopressor infusion, n (%) | 69 (37.1) | 24 (55.8) | 0.02 |
ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; CHF: congestive heart failure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; BMI: body mass index; MAP: mean arterial pressure; INR: international normalized ratio; APACHE: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment score; ED: emergency department
Continuous variables are reported as mean (standard deviation) and median (interquartile range). For measurements where more than one value was present in the ED (e.g. vital signs), the initial ED value is presented.
modified score, which excludes Glasgow Coma Scale