Table 2.
Clinical Presentation, Reperfusion Time, Biomarkers and Angiographic Characteristics
| Overall | Non RIPC | RIPC | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| # Patients | 150 | 58 | 92 | |
| Signs at Presentation | ||||
| Heart Rate (beats per minute) | 80.0 (69.0–94.5) | 86.5 (69.0–98.5) | 78.0 (69.5–90.5) | 0.065 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 145 (124–161) | 137 (116–168) | 146 (127–159) | 0.228 |
| Shock on First Medical Contact | 5 (3.3%) | 3 (5.2%) | 2 (2.2%) | 0.319 |
| Cardiac Arrest on First Medical Contact | 16 (10.7%) | 13 (22.4%) | 3 (3.3%) | 0.0002 |
| Diseased Vessels and Cardiac Function | ||||
| Vessels with Significant Disease | ||||
| Left Main | 4 (2.7%) | 2 (3.4%) | 2 (2.2%) | 0.637 |
| Proximal Left Anterior Descending | 34 (22.7%) | 14 (24.1%) | 20 (21.7%) | 0.733 |
| Mid/Distal Left Anterior Descending | 49 (32.7%) | 21 (36.2%) | 28 (30.4%) | 0.463 |
| Left Circumflex | 41 (27.3%) | 15 (25.9%) | 26 (28.3%) | 0.748 |
| Right coronary | 70 (46.7%) | 32 (55.2%) | 38 (41.3%) | 0.097 |
| Ramus Intermedius | 6 (4.0%) | 3 (5.2%) | 3 (3.3%) | 0.561 |
| Number of Diseased Vessels | 0.424 | |||
| 1 | 102 (68.0%) | 39 (67.2%) | 63 (68.5%) | |
| 2 | 30 (20.0%) | 14 (24.1%) | 16 (17.4%) | |
| 3 | 18 (12.0%) | 5 (8.6%) | 13 (14.1%) | |
| Left ventricular Ejection Fraction | 45.0 (38.0–53.0) | 49.0 (40.0–53.0) | 45.0 (38.0–50.0) | 0.290 |
| Culprit Vessels | 0.467 | |||
| Left Anterior Descending | 64 (42.7%) | 24 (41.4%) | 40 (43.5%) | |
| Non Left Anterior Descending | 86 (57.3%) | 34 (58.6%) | 52 (56.5) | |
| Coronary Intervention/Stent Type | 0.250 | |||
| Plain Old Balloon Angioplasty | 15 (10.0%) | 5 (8.6%) | 10 (10.9%) | |
| Bare Metal Stent | 38 (25.3%) | 19 (32.8%) | 19 (20.7%) | |
| Drug Eluting Stent | 97 (64.7%) | 34 (58.6%) | 63 (68.5%) | |
| Cardiac and Renal Biomarkers | ||||
| Initial Troponin (ng/mL) | 0.9 (0.1–8.3) | 0.7 (0.1–9.0) | 0.9 (0.1–7.9) | 0.727 |
| Peak Troponin (ng/mL) | 54.0 (18.6–112) | 46.2 (18.3–130) | 56.7 (19.8–111) | 0.749 |
| Initial Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 0.602 |
| Initial BUN (mg/dL) | 16.0 (13.0–20.0) | 16.0 (13.0–18.0) | 17.0 (13.0–22.0) | 0.192 |
| Initial eGFR by MDRD (ml/min/1.73m2) | 77.8 (64.4–93.9) | 76.9 (62.0–95.8) | 78.0 (65.1–93.8) | 0.649 |
| Total Contrast Used (mL) | 175 (150–200) | 175 (155–200) | 175 (138–220) | 0.879 |
| Reperfusion Time Intervals | ||||
| Door-In-Door-Out (minutes) | 54.0 (41.0–75.0) | 59.0 (43.0–97.0) | 52.0 (41.0–71.0) | 0.170 |
| Transport Time (minutes) | 29.0 (19.0–35.0) | 25.0 (16.0–33.0) | 30.0 (22.0–35.0) | 0.159 |
| Procedure Time (minutes) | 27.0 (22.6–40.0) | 26.0 (23.0–44.0) | 27.5 (22.0–37.9) | 0.543 |
| Door-To-Balloon Time (minutes) | 112 (88.0–138) | 112 (88.0–148) | 112 (88.0–130) | 0.552 |
| Door-To-Balloon Time Goal Category | 0.844 | |||
| <120 minutes | 92 (61.3%) | 35 (60.3%) | 57 (62.0%) | |
| >120 minutes | 58 (38.7%) | 23 (39.7%) | 35 (38.0%) |
Continuous variables presented as median (IQR) and categorical variables presented as n (%).
eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD = modification of diet in renal disease.