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. 2017 Mar 7;5(5):e13152. doi: 10.14814/phy2.13152

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© 2017 Cincinnati Children's Hospital. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Refametinib and doxycycline abrogates macrophage infiltration in Emilin1 ^−/− aortic valves. IHC shows Mac‐3 staining in Emilin1 ^−/− aortic valve tissue that was completely obliterated with refametinib (C) or doxycycline (E), but not altered with G6‐31 treatment (D). Mmp‐12 was increased in hinge region of Emilin1 ^−/− aortic valves (arrows, G) and was slightly decreased with doxycycline (J), but unaltered with refametinib (H) or G6‐31 (I) treatment. Neutrophil elastase was increased in aortic valve intestinal cells of Emilin1 ^−/− mice (arrows, L), and this increase was dramatically decreased with refametinib (M) or doxycycline (O) but unchanged with G6‐31 (N).