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Human AVD tissue is characterized by early elastic fiber abnormalities. Normal trilaminar aortic valve architecture is seen in early (A) and late (C) controls. Elastic fiber fragmentation is evident in early‐onset AVD (B) and is worse in late‐onset AVD (D). There is a significant decrease in the degree of desmosine content in disease valves when compared to control valves (E). n = 8/group, P < 0.0001;*different from control.
