Figure 1.

Oxidative damage model establishment in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. (a) H9c2 cells were treated with various concentrations of H₂O₂ (100 μM, 300 μM, 500 μM, 700 μM, and 900 μM) for different time periods (2, 4, and 6 h). (b) H9c2 cell morphology from 700 μM H₂O₂ stimulation for 0 h (A), 2 h (B), 4 h (C), and 6 h (D). (c) Comparisons of cell survival rates between quercetin treatment group and oxidative injury group. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were pretreated with 5 μM quercetin or not for 12 h and then challenged with 700 or 900 μM H₂O₂ for 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h. ^∗∗P < 0.01 and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001 compared with H₂O₂ controls.