Figure 3.

The effects of hBD3 on the expression of adhesion molecules in TNF-α-activated HUVECs. (a) HUVECs were incubated with TNF-α (40 ng/mL) with or without the indicated concentrations of hBD3 for 24 h (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 analysis) or 4 h (E-selectin analysis). Whole cell lysates were extracted and analyzed by western blot using antibodies specific to VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and E-selectin. (b) Immunofluorescence analysis for ICAM-1 expression was conducted as mentioned above, and images were obtained using a fluorescence microscope (original magnification: 400x, scale bar 50 μm).