Table 1.
Biomarkers for personalized medicine.
| Drug | Disease | Biomarker | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biomarkers predicting adverse events | |||
| Warfarin | Thrombosis | CYP2C9 and VKORC1 | Testing recommended to identify patients at risk for increased bleeding. |
| Carbamazepine | Epilepsy | HLA‐B*1502 | Testing recommended to identify patients at risk of toxic skin reactions. |
| Abacavir | HIV infection | HLA‐B*5701 | Testing recommended to identify those at risk for potentially life‐threatening hypersensitivity. |
| Celecoxib | Pain and arthritis | CYP2C9 | Testing may identify patients at risk for accumulating toxic levels of drug. |
| Irinotecan | Colon cancer | UGT1A1*28 | Testing recommended to identify patients at risk of myelo‐suppression. |
| Biomarkers predicting responses | |||
| Tamoxifen | Breast cancer | CYP2D6 | Testing may identify patients resistant to treatment with tamoxifen. |
| Cetuximab Panitumumab | Colon cancer | KRAS | Testing may identify patients resistant to therapy with monoclonal antibodies to EGF receptors. |
| Trastuzumab | Breast cancer | HER2 | Testing required to identify patients suitable for Herceptin therapy. |