Table 1.

Univariate association of dichotomous variables with the presence of valvular ossification.

Variable	N	Bone present % (#)	Bone absent % (#)	OR	95% CI	p
Warfarin use	195	16.7 (5)	3.6 (6)	5.30	1.59, 17.72	0.004
African American versus Caucasian race	192	13.3 (4)	2.5 (4)	6.08	1.56, 23.7	0.006
Left ventricular hypertrophy	165	84.6 (22)	95.0 (132)	0.29	0.083, 1.01	0.052
Diabetes mellitus	195	16.7 (5)	33.3 (55)	0.40	0.15, 1.07	0.069
Female sex	195	26.7 (8)	44.2 (73)	0.46	0.20, 1.07	0.072
Mitral regurgitation	166	59.3 (16)	74.8 (104)	0.49	0.21, 1.14	0.098
Hypertension	195	40.0 (12)	53.9 (89)	0.57	0.26,1.24	0.160
Current cigarette smoking	194	6.7 (2)	16.5 (27)	0.36	0.00, 1.46	0.167
Statin use	195	3.3 (1)	11.5 (19)	0.26	0.00, 1.62	0.174
Coronary artery disease	195	73.3 (22)	61.2 (101)	1.74	0.74, 4.07	0.206
Carotid artery disease	195	6.7 (2)	15.2 (25)	0.4	0.00, 1.62	0.216
Glucocorticoid use	194	3.3 (1)	7.3 (12)	0.44	0.00, 2.75	0.422
Estrogen replacement therapy	81	0 (0)	6.17 (5)	0	0.00, 7.31	0.445
Bicuspid valve (versus tricuspid)	195	26.7 (8)	20.9 (34)	1.40	0.58, 3.32	0.479
Peripheral artery disease	195	10.0 (3)	7.3 (12)	1.42	0.40, 5.03	0.606
Bisphosphonate use	194	0 (0)	0.61 (1)	0	0	0.669
Aortic valve insufficiency	157	66.7 (16)	66.2 (88)	1.02	0.41, 2.51	0.962