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. 2004 Dec 15;114(12):1699–1703. doi: 10.1172/JCI23867

Figure 1.

Figure 1

MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent TLR signaling pathways. Most TLRs require MyD88; however, TLR4 can transmit signals by utilizing the alternative adapters, TRAM and TRIF. Like MyD88, this sub-pathway can activate NF-κB, but can regulate transcription of target genes in a manner that may be distinct from that elicited by the classical MyD88-dependent route. HSP65, heat shock protein 65; LAM, lipoarabinomannan; LM, lipomannan; PIMs, phosphatidyl-myoinositol mannosidases; STF, soluble tuberculosis factor; TIRAP, TIR domain–containing adapter protein.