Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the Baden-Württemberg Study (2010)
| Missing | Boys | Girls | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Values | (n = 995) | (n = 948) | (n = 1,943) | |
| Child characteristics | ||||
| Age, years [m (sd)] | 7.09 (0.64) | 7.06 (0.63) | 7.08 (0.64) | |
| Migration background, n (%) | 297 | 255 (30.9) | 270 (32.9) | 525 (31.9) |
| BMIPERC, [m (sd)] | 50 | 48.78 (27.87) | 49.14 (27.92) | 48.96 (27.89) |
| Overweight, n (%) | 50 | 54 (5.6) | 54 (5.9) | 108 (5.7) |
| Obesity, n (%) | 50 | 49 (5.1) | 34 (3.7) | 83 (4.4) |
| Waist circumference, [m (sd)] | 55 | 55.98 (5.83)***a | 55.16 (5.90) | 55.58 (5.88) |
| WHtR, [m (sd)] | 55 | 0.45 (0.04)* | 0.45 (0.04) | 0.45 (0.04) |
| Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 55 | 73 (7.5) | 85 (9.2) | 158 (8.4) |
| ≥ 95th percentile for %body fat, n (%) | 55 | 128 (13.2)***a | 211 (22.9) | 339 (18.0) |
| Parental characteristics | ||||
| Single parent, n (%) | 265 | 82 (9.7) | 95 (11.4) | 177 (10.5) |
| Tertiary family educational level, n (%) | 215 | 262 (31.8) | 261 (32.5) | 523 (32.1) |
| Household income ≤ €1,750, n (%) | 452 | 101 (13.4) | 106 (14.4) | 207 (13.9) |
| Overweight/obesity (mother or father), n (%) | 332 | 532 (65.0) | 542 (68.3) | 1074 (66.7) |
| Abdominal obesity (mother or father), n (%) | 974 | 405 (82.7) | 407 (85.0) | 812 (83.8) |
| Smoking (mother or father), n (%) | 270 | 309 (36.9) | 319 (38.2) | 628 (37.5) |
| Health awareness (mother or father), n (%) | 343 | 541 (67.4) | 539 (67.6) | 1080 (67.5) |
| Health and lifestyle characteristics | ||||
| Skipping breakfast, n (%) | 236 | 89 (10.4)** | 134 (15.8) | 223 (13.1) |
| Soft drinks > 1/week, n (%) | 241 | 219 (25.6) | 197 (23.3) | 416 (24.4) |
| Playing outside > 60 min/day, n (%) | 296 | 615 (73.8)*** | 515 (63.3) | 1130 (68.6) |
| Physically active ≥ 4 days/week ≥ 60 min/day, n (%) | 320 | 260 (31.7)*** | 177 (22.1) | 437 (26.9) |
| Club sports > 1/week, n (%) | 662 | 338 (52.0) | 338 (53.6) | 676 (52.8) |
| Screen media > 1 h/day, n (%) | 250 | 173 (20.4) | 146 (17.3) | 319 (18.8) |
NOTE. m mean, sd standard deviation, BMI body mass index, BMIPERC BMI percentiles, WHtR waist-to-height ratio
aMann–Whitney-U test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001