Frequency and characteristics of cerebral palsy (CP) cases (aged 8 years) by availability of birth certificate data, by surveillance year (2006, 2008, and 2010)a
| Surveillance year 2006 (birth year 1998)
|
Surveillance year 2008 (birth year 2000)
|
Surveillance year 2010 (birth year 2002)
|
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Among CP cases with available birth data (N = 316) |
% Among CP cases with no available birth data (N = 107) |
% Among all CP (N = 423) |
% Among CP cases with available birth data (N = 314) |
% Among CP cases with no available birth data (N = 89) |
% Among all CP (N = 403) |
% Among CP cases with available birth data (N = 286) |
% Among CP cases with no available birth data (N = 89) |
% Among all CP (N = 375) |
|
| Male sex | 54.7 | 60.7 | 56.3 | 61.8 | 56.2 | 60.5 | 55.2 | 53.9 | 54.9 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 55.4 | 45.8 | 53.0 | 49.7 | 34.8 | 49.7 | 42.0 | 38.2 | 41.1 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 36.1 | 26.2 | 33.6 | 38.5 | 34.8 | 38.5 | 44.1 | 27.0 | 40.0 |
| Hispanic | 4.1 | 12.1 | 6.1 | 8.3 | 10.1 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 11.2 | 9.6 |
| Other | 4.1 | 9.7 | 5.4 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 11.2 | 6.2 |
| Unknown | 0 | 7.5 | 1.9 | 0 | 16.9 | 3.7 | 0.3 | 12.4 | 3.2 |
| CP subtype | |||||||||
| Spastic | 80.0 | 82.2 | 81.3 | 76.4 | 73.0 | 75.7 | 82.9 | 83.1 | 82.9 |
| Hypotonic | 4.4 | 5.6 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 1.1 | 5.1 |
| Ataxic/dyskinetic | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 5.6 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 1.6 |
| Mixed spastic | 6.6 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 9.2 | 7.9 | 8.9 | 4.2 | 5.6 | 4.5 |
| Other/unspecified | 7.0 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 5.9 |
| Extent of limb involvement | |||||||||
| Quadriplegia/triplegia | 21.8 | 17.8 | 21.8 | 16.2 | 20.2 | 17.1 | 25.5 | 16.9 | 23.5 |
| Diplegia | 35.8 | 39.3 | 36.6 | 29.9 | 33.7 | 30.8 | 32.9 | 39.3 | 34.4 |
| Hemiplegia/monoplegia | 23.1 | 24.3 | 23.4 | 30.3 | 19.1 | 27.8 | 24.5 | 27.0 | 25.1 |
| Unspecified | 18.7 | 19.3 | 19.1 | 27.0 | 23.6 | 24.3 | 17.1 | 16.9 | 17.1 |
| Documented postneonatal aetiology | 7.9 | 6.5 | 7.6 | 6.4 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 6.6 | 10.1 | 7.5 |
| GMFC available | 74.4 | 76.6 | 74.9 | 73.2 | 83.1 | 75.4 | 73.8 | 75.3 | 74.1 |
| GMFC among cases with available information | |||||||||
| I | 35.1 | 47.9 | 38.2 | 40.8 | 39.1 | 40.5 | 45.0 | 56.7 | 47.8 |
| II | 16.9 | 15.1 | 16.4 | 12.9 | 23.2 | 15.2 | 7.1 | 9.0 | 7.6 |
| III | 13.4 | 12.3 | 13.2 | 15.0 | 2.9 | 12.3 | 9.0 | 7.5 | 8.6 |
| IV | 15.6 | 13.7 | 15.1 | 15.8 | 20.3 | 16.8 | 16.6 | 13.4 | 15.8 |
| V | 19.0 | 11.0 | 17.1 | 15.4 | 14.5 | 15.2 | 22.3 | 13.4 | 20.1 |
| Walking ability available | 74.9 | 77.3 | 75.4 | 72.6 | 77.2 | 74.7 | 81.1 | 86.5 | 82.4 |
| Walking classification among cases with available information | |||||||||
| Walks independently | 54.0 | 65.9 | 57.1 | 58.6 | 62.2 | 59.5 | 55.6 | 68.8 | 58.9 |
| With assistive device | 11.5 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 12.8 | 1.4 | 10.0 | 8.2 | 6.5 | 7.8 |
| Limited or no walking | 34.5 | 24.4 | 31.9 | 28.6 | 36.5 | 30.6 | 36.2 | 24.7 | 33.3 |
| Co-occurring epilepsy | 35.1 | 31.8 | 34.3 | 40.4 | 37.1 | 39.7 | 43.7 | 38.2 | 42.4 |
| Co-occurring ASD | 6.3 | 15.0 | 8.5 | 6.7 | 7.9 | 6.9 | 8.0 | 5.6 | 7.5 |
GMFC, Gross Motor Functional Classification; ASD, autism spectrum disorder.