Table 3.
Selected list of combination immunotherapies in clinical development
| Immunotherapy + Immunotherapy | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Combination therapy | Mechanisms of action | Phase | Indication |
| Nivolumab + ipilimumab | Anti‐PD1 + anti‐CTLA‐4 | I/II | Gastric, TNBC, PA, SCLC, Bladder, Ovarian |
| II/III | Melanoma, RCC | ||
| III | SCLC, GBM, NSCLC | ||
| Nivolumab + BMS‐986016 | Anti‐PD1 + anti‐LAG3 | I | Solid tumors |
| Nivolumab + viagenpumatucel‐L | Anti‐PD1 + vaccine | I | NSCLC |
| Nivolumab + urelumab | Anti‐PD1 + anti‐4‐1BB | I/II | Solid tumors, B‐cell NHL |
| Atezolizumab + MOXR0916 | Anti‐PDL1 + anti‐OX40 | I | Solid tumors |
| Atezolizumab + varlilumab | Anti‐PDL1 + anti‐CD27 | II | RCC |
| Atezolizumab + GDC‐0919 | Anti‐PDL1 + IDO inhibitor | I | Solid tumors |
| Epacadostat + atezolizumab, durvalumab, or pembrolizumab | IDO inhibitor + anti‐PDL1 or anti‐PD1 | I/II | Solid tumors |
| Pembrolizumab + T‐Vec | Anti‐PD1 + vaccine | III | Melanoma |
| Durvalumab + tremelimumab | Anti‐PDL1 + anti‐CTLA‐4 | I/II | Melanoma |
| I/II/III | SCCHN | ||
| II | Mesothelioma, UBC, TNBC, PA | ||
| III | NSCLC, Bladder | ||
| Pidilizumab + dendritic cell/RCC fusion cell vaccine | Anti‐PD1 + vaccine | II | RCC |
| Immunotherapy + Targeted Therapy | |||
| Combination therapy | Mechanisms of action | Phase | Indication |
| Atezolizumab + bevacizumab | Anti‐PDL1 + anti‐VEGF | II/III | RCC |
| Atezolizumab + cobimetinib | Anti‐PDL1 + MEK inhibitor | I | Solid tumors |
| Atezolizumab + vemurafenib | Anti‐PDL1 + BRAF inhibitor | I | Melanoma |
| Atezolizumab + erlotinib or alectinib | Anti‐PDL1 + EGFR or ALK inhibitor | I | NSCLC |
| Nivolumab + bevacizumab | Anti‐PD1 + anti‐VEGF | II | RCC |
| Pembrolizumab + pazopanib | Anti‐PD1 + tyrosine kinase inhibitor | I | RCC |
| Pembrolizumab + dabrafenib + trametinib | Anti‐PD1 + BRAF inhibitor + MEK inhibitor | I/II | Melanoma |
| Durvalumab + dabrafenib + trametinib | Anti‐PDL1 + BRAF inhibitor + MEK inhibitor | I/II | Melanoma |
| Nivolumab + sunitinib, pazopanib, or ipilimumab | Anti‐PD1 + RTK inhibitor, RTK inhibitor, | I | RCC |
| Immunotherapy + Chemotherapy | |||
| Combination therapy | Mechanisms of action | Phase | Indication |
| Nivolumab + platinum doublet chemoa | Anti‐PD1 + chemotherapy | III | NSCLC |
| Pembrolizumab + cisplatin | Anti‐PD1 + chemotherapy | III | Gastric |
| Pidilizumab + lenalidomide | Anti‐PD1 + chemotherapy | I/II | Multiple myleloma |
| Pidilizumab + sipuleucel‐T + cyclophosphamide | Anti‐PD1 + vaccine + chemotherapy | II | Prostate |
| Atezolizumab + carboplatin/paclitaxel +/– bevacizumab | Anti‐PDL1 + chemotherapy +/– anti‐VEGF | III | NSCLC |
TNBC, triple negative breast cancer; PA, pancreatic adenocarcinoma; SCLC, small‐cell lung cancer; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; NSCLC, non‐smallcell lung cancer; NHL, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma; SCCHN, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; UBC, urothelial bladder cancer. aSquamous: gemcitabine + cisplatin or carboplatin; Nonsquamous: pemetrexed + cisplatin or carboplatin.