(A) p53 expression and p53 Ser-15 phosphorylation was determined by western blotting, following treatment of A549 cells with 30 µM apigenin for 1, 2 or 4 h. (B) p53 and Bax expression, and p53 phosphorylation, as detected by western blotting, following treatment of A549 cells with 30 µM apigenin for 2 h, then 10 µM cisplatin for another 24 h. (C) MAPK pathway molecule activation, determined by protein phosphorylation levels, in A549 cells treated with 30 µM apigenin for 15, 30, 60 or 120 min, reported by western blotting. (D) Erk/MAPK activation relative to p53 accumulation in A549 cells pretreated with U0126, an Erk/MAPK inhibitor, then treated with 10 µM apigenin to induce Erk/MAPK activation. (E) Semi-quantification of (A). (F) Semi-quantification of (B). Con, control; MDM2, mouse double minute 2 homolog; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase.**P<0.01.