Figure 3. Testing the efficacy of propranolol in a prospective window of opportunity breast cancer case study.

(A) Representative 600x images of IHC for the β-AR receptors in a patient diagnosed with Stage I, hormonal receptor positive, HER2-neu negative ductal carcinoma breast cancer. (B) The patient was given propranolol as indicated in the materials and methods section over a 25-day period. Ki-67 IHC was performed on the diagnostic biopsy before propranolol treatment began (pre-treatment) and at the surgical resection after 25 days propranolol (post-treatment). The scatter plot depicts the Ki-67 index pre- and post-treatment across 9 vision fields with over 250 cells/field.