Table 5. Gene-environment interaction models identified by the GMDR method with adjustment for age and gender.
| Phenotype | Best interaction model | Testing accuracy (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1) Two-way interaction models | |||
| MetS | RORB rs972902, smoking | 54.33 | < 0.001 |
| High waist circumferencea | ARNTL rs10832020, physical activity | 51.93 | 0.079 |
| High triglycerideb | RORB rs972902, smoking | 52.17 | 0.068 |
| Low HDLc | RORB rs972902, physical activity | 55.45 | < 0.001 |
| High blood pressured | RORA rs8034880, physical activity | 52.75 | 0.038 |
| High fasting glucosee | PER3 rs10746473, alcohol consumption | 53.57 | 0.003 |
| (2) Three-way interaction models | |||
| MetS | PER3 rs10746473, RORB rs972902, smoking | 55.73 | 0.001 |
| High waist circumferencea | ARNTL rs10832020, PER3 rs10746473, physical activity | 52.08 | 0.063 |
| High triglycerideb | ARNTL rs10832020, PER3 rs10746473, physical activity | 53.42 | 0.016 |
| Low HDLc | PER3 rs10746473, smoking, physical activity | 56.11 | < 0.001 |
| High blood pressured | PER3 rs10746473, RORA rs8034880, physical activity | 51.02 | 0.280 |
| High fasting glucosee | ARNTL rs10832020, GSK3B rs2199503, physical activity | 54.45 | 0.001 |
| (3) Four-way interaction models | |||
| MetS | PER3 rs10746473, RORA rs8034880, RORB rs972902, smoking | 54.23 | 0.008 |
| High waist circumferencea | ARNTL rs10832020, GSK3B rs2199503, PER3 rs10746473, physical activity | 52.30 | 0.051 |
| High triglycerideb | ARNTL rs10832020, PER3 rs10746473, RORA rs8034880, physical activity | 51.67 | 0.168 |
| Low HDLc | GSK3B rs2199503, PER3 rs10746473, RORB rs972902, physical activity | 55.89 | < 0.001 |
| High blood pressured | ARNTL rs10832020, PER3 rs10746473, RORA rs8034880, physical activity | 51.28 | 0.221 |
| High fasting glucosee | ARNTL rs10832020, GSK3B rs2199503, PER3 rs10746473, physical activity | 54.50 | 0.002 |
GMDR = generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction, HDL = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MetS = metabolic syndrome. P value was based on 1,000 permutations. Analysis was obtained after adjustment for covariates including age and gender. P values of < 0.0028 (Bonferroni correction: 0.05/18) are shown in bold.
a Waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in male subjects, waist circumference ≥ 80 cm in female subjects.
b Triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dl.
c HDL< 40 mg/dl in male subjects, HDL < 50 mg/dl in female subjects.
d Systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg.
e Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dl.