| Repetition—REP |
(y){y}z |
(My) {My} dog is nice. |
| mid-word interruption |
My (do-) {dog} is nice. |
| Revision—REV |
(xy){xz} |
(My dog) {My cat} is nice. |
|
She (goes) {went}. |
| (xz){yz} |
(He’s very) {She’s very} friendly. |
| [Deletion—DEL] |
(xyz){xz} |
(My old dog) {My dog} is nice. |
| (xy){x} |
My dog (likes to) {likes} food. |
| [Insertion—INS] |
(xz){xyz} |
(My dog) {My yellow dog} is nice. |
| (y){xy} |
My dog likes (the) {all the} food. |
| False start—FS |
(xyz) abc |
(But what if) My friend likes dogs. |
| Filler—F |
discourse markers and filled pauses |
like, um, uh, mm, hmm, I mean, ah
|
