Table 3. Summary of meta-analysis results for smoking status and disease recurrence for bladder cancer.
| Analysis specification | n (size) | Current smoker vs. Never smoker | Former smoker vs. Never smoker | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | I2(%) | p-het | p-reg | SRRE (95%CI) | I2(%) | p-het | p-reg | ||
| All | 15 (10192) | 1.23(1.05-1.45) | 56.3 | 0.004 | 1.22(1.09-1.37) | 35.2 | 0.087 | ||
| Study design | 0.443 | 0.873 | |||||||
| Single center | 12 (5141) | 1.17(0.94-1.47) | 60.9 | 0.003 | 1.24(1.05-1.46) | 46.8 | 0.037 | ||
| multicenter | 3 (5051) | 1.34(1.17-1.53) | 0.0 | 0.403 | 1.19(1.04-1.35) | 0.0 | 0.653 | ||
| Geographic region | 0.910 | 0.335 | |||||||
| America | 5 (1480) | 1.08(0.87-1.33) | 0.0 | 0.522 | 1.11(0.94-1.31) | 0.0 | 0.942 | ||
| Europe | 3 (1932) | 1.60(0.67-3.84) | 88.5 | 0.000 | 1.64(1.05-2.55) | 71.1 | 0.031 | ||
| Asia | 4 (1729) | 1.08(0.79-1.50) | 43.5 | 0.151 | 1.08(0.73-1.60) | 65.9 | 0.032 | ||
| Disease stage | 0.356 | 0.409 | |||||||
| MIBC | 3 (3147) | 1.42(1.18-1.71) | 0.0 | 0.447 | 1.26(1.05-1.51) | 0.0 | 0.997 | ||
| NMIBC | 10 (6307) | 1.27(1.02-1.57) | 62.7 | 0.004 | 1.26(1.07-1.48) | 52.7 | 0.025 | ||
| UBC | 2 (738) | 0.88(0.63-1.23) | 0.0 | 0.631 | 0.97(0.72-1.31) | 0.0 | 0.554 | ||
| Method of surgery | 0.657 | 0.638 | |||||||
| RC | 5 (3885) | 1.19(0.92-1.54) | 48.9 | 0.098 | 1.18(1.01-1.38) | 0.0 | 0.646 | ||
| TURB | 10 (6307) | 1.27(1.02-1.57) | 62.7 | 0.004 | 1.26(1.07-1.48) | 52.7 | 0.025 | ||
Abbreviations: MIBC, muscle invasive bladder cancer; NMIBC, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; TURB, Transurethral resection of the bladder; RC, Radical cystectomy; p-het, p value for heterogeneity; p-reg, p value for meta-regression; SRRE, summary relative risk estimates.