Table 2.
Associations of H. pylori and CagA status with PE, SGA, and PTB.
| Preeclampsia (n = 5550) | Small for gestational age (n = 6059) | Spontaneous preterm birth (n = 5640) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Hp− |
Reference n = 58 / 3037 |
Reference | Reference |
Reference n = 306 / 3285 |
Reference | Reference |
Reference n = 113 / 3092 |
Reference | Reference |
| Hp+ |
1.59 (1.07, 2.35)* n = 71 / 2513 |
1.57 (1.06, 2.32)* |
1.51 (1.03, 2.25)* |
1.20 (0.99, 1.46) n = 332 / 2774 |
1.18 (0.98, 1.43) |
1.16 (0.96, 1.41) |
1.18 (0.87, 1.61) n = 106 / 2548 |
1.17 (0.86, 1.60) |
1.15 (0.84, 1.57) |
| Hp+CagA− |
1.58 (1.04, 2.40)* n = 46 / 1650 |
1.58 (1.03, 2.40)* |
1.53 (1.00, 2.33) |
1.12 (0.91, 1.38) n = 195 / 1799 |
1.09 (0.89, 1.35) |
1.08 (0.87, 1.33) |
1.21 (0.86, 1.68) n = 70 / 1674 |
1.19 (0.86, 1.67) |
1.18 (0.84, 1.64) |
| Hp+CagA+ | 1.61 (0.95, 2.73) n = 25 / 863 |
1.56 (0.92, 2.64) |
1.50 (0.89, 2.55) |
1.38 (1.08, 1.76)* n = 137 / 975 |
1.36 (1.06, 1.74)* |
1.34 (1.04, 1.71)* |
1.13 (0.73, 1.73) n = 36 / 874 |
1.11 (0.72, 1.70) |
1.08 (0.71, 1.66) |
Values are odds ratios for PE, SGA, and PTB (95% confidence interval) from logistic regression models. n = number of cases per total group.
Model 1 was adjusted for maternal age, parity, ethnicity.
Model 2: model 1 additionally adjusted for body mass index and smoking.
Model 3: model 2 additionally adjusted for educational level.
Analyses regarding H. pylori and SGA were also adjusted for fetal gender in all three models.
*
p<0.05