Supplementary Table-S1.
Quality score assessment based on the “risk of bias tool“ (Hoy et al., 2012).
| Species | Study | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | Q6 | Q7 | Q8 | Q9 | Q10 | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pig | Bamba et al. [36] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Chicken | Gebremedhin et al. [37] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Goat | Abdel-Hafeez et al. [38] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Sheep | Dechicha et al. [39] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Goat | Dechicha et al. [39] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Cattle | Dechicha et al. [39] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Cattle | Onyiche and Ademola [40] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Pig | Onyiche and Ademola [40] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Cattle | Elfahal et al. [41] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Pig | Gebremedhin et al. [42] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Camel | Hadush et al. [43] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Sheep | Lahmar et al. [44] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Sheep | Hammond-Aryee et al. [45] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Chicken | Boughattas et al. [46] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Chicken | Ayinmode and Olaosebikan [47] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Goat | Davoust et al. [48] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheep | Davoust et al. [48] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheep | Gebremedhin and Gizaw [49] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Goat | Gebremedhin and Gizaw [49] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Sheep | Gebremedhin et al. [50] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Goat | Gebremedhin et al. [50] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Cattle | Medani and Kamil [51] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Sheep | Medani and Kamil [51] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Camel | Kadle [52] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | |
| Camel | Gebremedhin et al. [53] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Chicken | Tilahun et al. [54] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Chicken | Aboelhadid et al. [55] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Goat | Zwedu et al. [56] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Goat | Swai and Kaaya [57] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Cattle | Ndou et al. [58] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Pig | Ayinmode and Olaosebikan [59] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Sheep | Gebremedhin et al. [60] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Sheep | Bamba et al. [61] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheep | Al-mabruk et al. [62] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Sheep | Gharbi et al. [63] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Chicken | Barakat et al. [64] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Pig | Rakotoharinome et al. [65] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Cattle | Swai and Schoonman [66] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Camel | Khalil and Abdel Gadir [67] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheep | Khalil and Abdel Gadir [67] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheep | Boughattas and Bouratbine [68] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Sheep | Kamani et al. [69] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Goat | Kamani et al. [69] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Cattle | Ibrahim et al. [70] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Chicken | Dubey et al., [71] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Chicken | Lindstrom et al. [72] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheep | Shapaan et al. [73] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Goat | Teshale and Dumaitre [74] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Sheep | Samra et al. [75] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Chicken | Dubey et al. [76] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Chicken | Deyab and Hassanein [77] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Goat | Hove et al. [78] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Cattle | Schoonman et al. [79] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Pig | Hove et al. [80] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheep | Sawadogo et al. [81] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Sheep | Negash and Tilahun [82] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Goat | Negash and Tilahun [82] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Chicken | Dubey et al. [83] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Cattle | Joshua and Akinwumi [84] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Chicken | El-Massry et al. [85] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheep | Van der Puije et al. [86] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Goat | Van der Puije et al. [86] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Goat | Bisson et al. [87] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Pig | Arkoh Mensah et al. [88] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Pig | Hove and Dubey [89] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Camel | Hilali et al. [90] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 |
| Chicken | Hassanain and Elfadaly [91] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Sheep | Deconinck et al. [92] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| Sheep | Achu-Kwi and Ekue [93] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Sheep | El-Ghaysh and Mansour [94] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Goat | Amin and Silsmore [95] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheep | Pangui et al. [96] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Camel | Elamin et al. [97] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheep | Pandley and Mansour [98] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |
| Sheep | Weitzman et al. [99] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Sheep | Bekele and Kasali [100] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Goat | Bekele and Kasali [100] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Cattle | Bekele and Kasali [100] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 |
| Chicken | Aganga and Belino [101] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Goat | Falade [102] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
| Chicken | Rifaat et al. [103] | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |