Table 2.
| Study |
|
Sample (n) | Age in years (SD) | Gender (% men) |
Participant’s disease | Disease’s duration (SD) | |
|
Hsu (2015) [34] |
|
|
|
|
DMa type 2 |
|
|
|
|
App | 20 | 53.3 (0) | - |
|
9.6 (0) | |
|
|
Control | 20 | 53.8 (0) | - |
|
9.0 (0) | |
|
Drion (2015) [42] |
|
|
|
|
DM type 1 |
|
|
|
|
App | 31 | 33 (23) | 64.5 |
|
18 (17) | |
|
|
Control | 32 | 35 (18) | 62.5 |
|
15 (14) | |
|
Quinn (2014) [33] |
|
DM type 2 |
|||||
|
|
App (< 55 years) | 37 | 47.3 (6.8) | 37.8 | 6.8 (4.5) | ||
|
|
App (≥ 55 years) | 25 | 59.0 (2.9) | 68.0 | 10.3 (5.8) | ||
|
|
Control (< 55 years) | 29 | 47.4 (7.5) | 62.1 | 8.9 (7.5) | ||
|
|
Control (≥ 55 years) | 27 | 59.5 (2.8) | 37.0 | 9.2 (6.0) |
|
|
|
Holmen (2014) [38] |
|
DM type 2 |
|||||
|
|
App | 51 | 58.6 (11.8) | 67.0 | 11.2 (7.3) | ||
|
|
Appb | 50 | 57.4 (12.1) | 50.0 | 9.6 (8.4) | ||
|
|
Control | 50 | 55.9 (12.2) | 40.0 | 9.4 (5.5) | ||
|
Berndt (2014) [39] |
|
DM type 1 |
|||||
|
|
App | 34 | 12.9 (2.0) | 62.0 | 5.0 (3.7) | ||
|
|
Control | 34 | 13.2 (2.9) | 56.0 | 5.3 (4.0) | ||
|
Nagrebetsk (2013) [37] |
|
DM type 2 |
|
||||
|
|
App | 8 | 56 (8.0) | 71.0 | 3.0 (2.0) | ||
|
|
Control | 9 | 60 (13.0) | 71.0 | 2.3 (7.4) | ||
|
Kirwan (2013) [41] |
|
DM type 1 |
|||||
|
|
App | 36 | 35.97 (10.67) | 52.7 | 19.69 (9.64) | ||
|
|
Control | 36 | 34.42 (10.26) | 25.0 | 18.19 (9.77) | ||
|
Rossi (2013) [35] |
|
DM type 1 |
|||||
|
|
App | 63 | 38.4 (10.3) | 46.0 | 16.2 (10.0) | ||
|
|
Control | 64 | 34.3 (10.0) | 49.1 | 15 (8.4) | ||
|
Orsama (2013) [40] |
|
DM type 1 |
|||||
|
|
App | 24 | 62.3 (6.5) | 54.0 | - | ||
|
|
Control | 24 | 61.5 (9.1) | 54.0 | - | ||
|
Quinn (2011) [32] |
|
DM type 2 |
|
||||
|
|
App | 23 | 52.8 (8.0) | 52.2 | 7.7 (5.6) | ||
|
|
Appc | 22 | 53.7 (8.2) | 45.5 | 6.8 (4.9) | ||
|
|
Appd | 62 | 52.0 (8.0) | 50.0 | 8.2 (5.3) | ||
|
|
Control | 56 | 53.2 (8.4) | 50.0 | 9.0 (7.0) | ||
|
Castelnuovo (2011) [36] |
|
DM type 2 or obesity |
|||||
|
|
App | 17 | 49 (16.5) | 68.7 | - | ||
|
|
Control | 17 | 54 (11.7) | 35.3 | - | ||
|
Charpentier (2011) [43] |
|
|
|
|
DM type 1 |
|
|
|
|
Appe | 59 | 31.6 (12.5) | 37.3 |
|
14.7 (9.1) | |
|
|
Appf | 60 | 32.9 (11.7) | 38.3 |
|
17.6 (8.9) | |
|
|
Control | 61 | 36.8 (14.1) | 34.4 |
|
16.9 (10.5) | |
|
Rossi (2010) [44] |
|
DM type 1 |
|||||
|
|
App | 67 | 35.4 (9.5) | 44.8 | 17.1 (10.3) | ||
|
|
Control | 63 | 36.1 (9.4) | 41.0 | 15.8 (10.7) |
aDM: diabetes mellitus.
bIntervention is the use of the app associated with health counseling of nurses specialists in diabetes.
cIntervention is the use of the app and data shared with medical researchers of the study.
dIntervention is the use of the app and data shared with medical researchers of the study associated with quarterly reports delivered to participants from data entered.
eIntervention is the use of the app and access health professionals as control group.
fIntervention is the use of the app and access health professionals remotely.